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Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountriesSectionⅢGrammar——连词语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Norwayisatthetopofthelist，whiletheUSisatnumber7.2.InthelasttenyearsinChina，150millionpeoplemovedoutofpoverty.However，thechallengesarestillgreat.1.1句中while表示对比或相反的情况，意为“”。然而3.Althoughmorethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool，about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated.4.Morethan1billionpeopleindevelopingcountriesdonotdrinksafewater.However，inotherregionsoftheworld，e.g.EasternEurope，waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.2.由2、4、5句可知，but是一个，而however用作副词。并列连词5.Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.6.Althoughdevelopedcountriesgivesomefinancialhelp，theyneedtogivemuchmore.3.3、6句中although引导__________从句，可以与though互换。让步状语语法精要点拨连词是连接单词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何成分，但大多数连接词都有具体的意义和用法。本单元主要学习表示转折关系的连词but，however，although/though，while等。1．but和however的用法两者都意为“但是；然而”，均表示转折关系，但用法有所不同。(1)but用作并列连词，用来连接并列句子或并列成分，表示强烈对比、转折，两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开，也可不用，但是but后面不用逗号隔开。Heisashyman，butheisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.他是一个腼腆的人，但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。[名师点津]but作连词还可用于“I'msorry/Excuseme，but...”句式中表示歉意，but本身没有意义。I'msorry，butIcan'thelpyouwiththeproblem.很抱歉，我不能帮你解决这个问题。(2)however作副词时，表示“然而，可是，不过”，用以引出令人吃惊或表示对比的话语，可放在句首、句中或句末，但要用逗号隔开。I'dliketogowithyou，however，myhandsarefull.我很想和你一块去，可是我太忙了。Youmayberight.However，IstillwanttodowhatIplanned.你也许是对的，但我还想按我计划的去做。[名师点津]however作连词时，表示“无论如何，不管怎样”，相当于nomatterhow，引导让步状语从句，从句可放在主句之前或之后。常构成：however/nomatterhow＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。Hetrieshisbesttosolvetheproblem，howeverdifficultitis.他尽力解决这个问题，不管它有多困难。[即时演练1]用but/however填空①Heisyoungveryexperienced.②longittakes，I'mgoingtogetthejobfinished.③Later，，hechangedhismind.howeverbutHowever2．although和though的用法(1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，一般情况下可互换。但although较正式，多用于句首，而though在非正式文体中较为普遍。Although/Thoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever，theyarevitalfornow.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。[名师点津]although和though都不能和并列连词but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。(2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式，其用法相当于as，把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。Hotas/thoughthenightairwas，wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。Childthough/assheis，sheknowsalot.虽然还是个孩子，她却懂得很多。Fastas/thoughyouread，youcan'tfinishthebookinthreedays.尽管你读得快，你也不可能在三天内读完这本书。Trythough/asImight，Icouldn'tliftthestone.尽管我用尽力气，还是搬不动那块石头。[名师点津]though还可以作副词，放在句末，用逗号和主句分开，相当于however，意为“然而”。Shesaidshewouldcome；shedidn't，though.她说她要来，然而却没来。[即时演练2]一句多译他虽然成功，但不骄傲。①heissuccessful，heisnotproud.②heis，heisnotproud.③Heissuccessful，heisnotproud.④Heissuccessful；heisnotproud，．Although/ThoughSuccessfulthough/asbutthough/however3．while的用法(1)while作并列连词表示转折，强调前后句的对比关系，意为“然而”，此时while不能位于句首。Wavingone'shandistosay“Goodbye”．Noddingtheheadmeansagreement，whileshakingitmeansdisagreement.挥手表示再见，点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。(2)while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，可以与although或though互换，此时while位于句首。Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的(3)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，此时while相当于duringthetimethat...，从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词，不可用短暂性动词。IlearntalotofFrenchwhileIwasinParis.在巴黎时我学了很多法语。语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ourfootballteamfailedinthematch，wedidourbest.2．Moneyisnecessaryforahappylife，itcan'tbuyhappiness.3．PleasekeepstillIamtakingphotosforyou.4．Wehadthoughtthefigureswerecorrect.，wefoundsomeerrorswhentheplanwascarriedout.Although/Though/WhilebutwhileHowever5．Wewillhavetofinishthejob，longittakes.6．I'msorry，Mr.Ericlefttheofficejustafewminutesago.7．Theyknewitwouldbetoolatetodoanything.Theydidn'twanttoadmitthefact，．8．Girlsheis，sheismuchnaughtierthanaboy.9．Uponarrival，allofusfelltotheground，tireddelighted.10．Schoolsintheeastarebetterequipped，thoseinthewestarerelativelypoor.howeverbutthough/howeverthough/asbutwhileⅡ.单句改错1．AlthoughtheInternetisofgreathelp，butIdon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.2．Somepeoplewastelotsoffoodbutothershaven'tenoughtoeat.____________3．Muchalthoughhelikesher，hedoesgetangrywithhersometimes.____________________but→yet或去掉butbut→whilealthough→as/though4．Sailinginroughweathercanbeveryunpleasant.But，wefounditexciting.5．Hismotherwon'tbethere，sohisfathermight.6．I'msorryalthoughIcan'tstayanylonger.7．Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem，althoughdifficultitwas.__________________8．Hewantedtotakeataxitoschool，andhedidn'thaveanymoneyonhim.___________But→Howeverso→butalthough→butalthough→howeverand→but9．Howwellpreparedyouare，youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.10．Ialwayshaveadreamtobeafluentspeaker.Therefore，Iamtooshytosayawordinpublic.How→HoweverTherefore→However