2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 2 Developing and Developed

RecentlyIreadtheHumanDevelopmentReport.Icouldn'thelpthinkingaboutanotherproblemwhichtheworldisfacing—hunger.Accordingto①thereport,2,400peoplearedyingfromhungereveryday;nearly13millioninsouthernAfricawillbeworriedabouttheirfoodsupplybecauseofearthquakes,floodsorwars.Inaword,hungerremains②thebiggestproblemoftheworldtoday.It'sstrangetoseethatmancantraveltothemoon,butstilldoesn'tknowhowtofeedhimself.Youmayask，“Whostealsourbread？”Thefirstthievesshouldbepopulation③growth,poverty④andlossofrichfarmland.InlessdevelopedareaslikeSouthAfrica,thepopulationgrowsfasterthanthecrops.Itisalmostimpossibleforitsgovernmenttofeedsomanypeopleandprovide⑤educationforthem.Soitisveryimportanttocontrolthepopulationgrowthandprotecttheirfarmlandincountrieswhosepeoplearesufferingfrom⑥hunger.Accordingtothereport,theworld'sfoodproduction⑦isenoughtofeedeveryoneifitisgivenawaywell.Buttheproblemisthatthedevelopedcountriesareeatingfoodthatshouldbegiventothepoor.Althoughtheyarejustusingtheirownearning,thefactisthattheyarecoldlywatchingothersstarving⑧away.Luckily，somedevelopedcountriessuchasNetherlands,NorwayandSwedenhavedonealottohelpthosehungrypeopleinAfricancountries.Wehopeotherdevelopedcountrieswillfollowthem.[多积词汇]①accordingto按照；根据……所说②remainvi.保持；依然；留下；留待③populationn.人口④povertyn.贫穷；缺乏⑤providevt.&vi.提供，供给，供应⑥sufferfrom遭受；患病⑦productionn.产量；产品；生产⑧starvev.挨饿；饿死TheHuman①Development②ReportIntheyear2000,147worldleadersagreedto③worktogethertoreducepoverty④by2015orearlier.FromthisagreementcametheHumanDevelopmentReport.⑤①human/'hjuːmən/n.(与动物等对比的)人②development/dɪ'veləpmənt/n.发展developv．发展；开发；变化；成长；冲洗③agreetodosth.同意做某事④poverty/'pɒvəti/n.贫穷⑤本句为完全倒装句式。[原文呈现][读文清障]SectionⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre­reading⑥index/'ɪndeks/n.指数⑦measure/'meʒə/vt.测定；测量；评估⑧expectancy/ɪk'spektənsi/n.(根据概率得出的)预期数额[原文呈现][读文清障]OneofthemostimportantsectionsofthisreportistheHumanDevelopmentIndex⑥.Thisexaminestheachievementsof175countries.TheIndexmeasures⑦acountry'sachievementsinthreeways:lifeexpectancy⑧(howlongpeopleusuallylive),⑨educationn．教育⑩income/'ɪnkʌm/n.收入⑪surprisen．意外，惊奇。此处属于抽象名词具体化用法。⑫atthetopof在……顶端⑬Iceland/'aɪslənd/冰岛⑭Netherlands/'neðələndz/荷兰[原文呈现][读文清障]education⑨andincome⑩.Theindexhassomesurprises⑪.Norwayisatthetopof⑫thelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.Theothertopfivecountriesare:Iceland⑬(2),Sweden(3),Australia(4),theNetherlands⑭(5).⑮position/pə'zɪʃn/n.位置⑯SierraLeone/siˌeərəli'əʊn/塞拉利昂⑰atthebottomof在……底部⑱withSierraLeone(inWestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist是“with＋名词＋介词短语”类型的with复合结构，在句中作状语。[原文呈现][读文清障]TheUKisinthethirteenthposition⑮，whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone⑯(inWestAfrica)atthebottomof⑰thelist⑱.⑲goal/gəʊl/n.目标⑳“betodo”结构表示安排、命令、意向或目的。○21makesure确保，后接that引导的宾语从句。○22upto多达[原文呈现][读文清障]ThereportdescribeseightDevelopmentGoals⑲.Themostimportantgoalsareto⑳：·reducepovertyandhunger；·makesure○21thatallchildrenhaveeducationupto○22theageof11；○23developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展中的○24encourage...todo...鼓励……做……[原文呈现][读文清障]·fightAIDSandotherdiseases；·improvetheenvironmentofpoorpeople,e．g.makesuretheyhavesafedrinkingwater；·encouragedeveloped○23countriestogive○24morehelptoothercountries.人类发展报告[第1～3段译文]在2000年，来自世界各国的147位领导人同意一起协作，力争到2015年或更早的时候减少贫困。《人类发展报告》就来自于这个共识。这份报告中最重要的部分之一就是人类发展指数。它审查175个国家的成就。这项指数从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：预期寿命(人们通常活多长时间)、教育和收入。这个指数显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛(2)、瑞典(3)、澳大利亚(4)和荷兰(5)。英国位居第十三，而中国处于中等水平。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。报告描述了8个发展目标。最重要的目标是：·减少贫困和饥饿；·确保所有儿童11岁之前都能接受教育；·对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；·改善穷苦人民的(生活)环境，例如：确保他们有安全的饮用水；·鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。[原文呈现][读文清障]The2003HumanDevelopmentReportgivesexamplesof○25successfuldevelopment.Forexample,innineyears(1953－1962),Chinaincreasedlifeexpectancyby13years.InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutof○26poverty.However,thechallengesarestillgreat.Everyday799millionpeopleindevelopingcountriesarehungry.○25giveexamplesof...给出……例子○26moveoutof脱离；摆脱，搬出○27Althoughmorethan80%ofchildren...是although引导的让步状语从句。○28educate/'edjʊˌkeɪt/vt.教育；培养；训练。本句运用了现在进行时的被动语态。[原文呈现][读文清障]OverhalfoftheseareinSouthAsiaorAfrica.Althoughmorethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool○27，about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated○28.Morethan1billionpeopleindevelopingcountriesdonotdrinksafewater.However,inotherregionsoftheworld,e.g.EasternEurope,waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.○29Thereportshowsthat...butthat...中，but连接两个并列的宾语从句，表转折，注意第二个that不能省略。○30makeprogress取得进步progress是不可数名词。○31makeefforts努力makeeffortstodosth.努力做某事○32developedcountries发达国家developingcountries发展中国家○33financialadj.财政的；金融的financen．财政；金融○34interestinglyadv.有趣的是[原文呈现][读文清障]○29Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogress○30butthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts○31.Althoughdevelopedcountries○32givesomefinancial○33help,theyneedtogivemuchmore.Interestingly○34，○35thatgivethemostmoney是定语从句，修饰先行词thecountries。that在从句中作主语，不可省略。○36itisrightthattheyshoulddoso中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。[原文呈现][读文清障]thecountriesthatgivethemostmoney○35aretheNetherlands,NorwayandSweden.Theseareamongthefiverichestcountriesintheworld,soitisrightthattheyshoulddoso○36.[第4～5段译文]《200