02DevelopingandDevelopedCountries第2课时句型篇佳句背诵1.原句背诵:Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.(P12)挪威高居榜首,而美国名列第七。2.原句背诵:ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone(inWestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist.(P12)排名最后的十个国家均是非洲国家,塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在名单最后。3.原句背诵:However,inotherregionsoftheworld,e.g.EasternEurope,waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.(P12)然而,在世界其他地区,如东欧,现在的水通常是能安全饮用的。4.原句背诵:Intheyear2000,147worldleadersagreedtoworktogethertoreducepovertyby2015orearlier.(P12)在2000年,147位世界级领导人同意一起合作为了到2015年或者更早地减少贫穷。5.原句背诵:Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.(P12)报告显示:我们正在进步,但是我们需要做出更大的努力。精讲精练1.Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.(P12)挪威高居榜首,而美国名列第7。本句中的while是并列连词,意为“而”,含有对比之意。There'splentyofraininthesoutheast,whilethere'slittleinthenorthwest.东南部雨量充足,而西北部很少下雨。Youlikesports,whileIprefermusic.你喜欢体育活动,而我更喜欢音乐。归纳拓展(1)while作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”,从句谓语动词应用延续性动词。(2)while作从属连词,引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”,从句常位于句首。Donttalkwhileyoureeating.你吃饭时,不要说话。whileitwasverylate,hestillwentonworking.虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作。单句语法填空①I'lltakecareofyourchild,________youareaway.②________hecamein,Iwaslisteningtotheradio.③Iamfondofmusic________mysisterlikessports.④________IfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.答案①while/when②When③while④While2.ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone(inWestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist.(P12)处于最后的十个国家均是非洲国家,塞拉利昂(西非),排在名单最后。withSierraLeone(inwestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist是with的复合结构,其结构为“with+n.+介词短语”,在句中作状语。Theteachercameinwithabookinhishand.老师进来了,手里拿着一本书。归纳拓展“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为with复合结构,此结构在句中常作状语,可位于句首或句尾,常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语,亦可作后置定语。结构如下:(1)with+宾语+doing(doing表主动或正在进行)(2)with+宾语+done(done表完成或被动)(3)with+宾语+todo(todo表将来有时,用主动形式表示被动意义)(4)with+宾语+adj(adj)(5)with+宾语+adv.(adv);(6)with+宾语+介词短语(7)with+宾语+n.Theyclimbedthemountainwithalocalhuntertheirguide.有当地的猎人作向导,他们爬上了山顶。(伴随状语)Insummer,sheusuallysleepswiththewindowsopen.夏天,她通常开着窗子睡觉。(伴随状语)Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.华灯初上,广场显得更加美丽。(原因状语)Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上,两眼望着天空。(伴随状语)Withhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.理了头发,他显得年轻多了。(原因状语)Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican'tgoskatingwithyou.因为有很多作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰。(原因状语)Shestoodatthedoor,withherbacktowardsus.她站在门口,背对着我们。(方式状语)单句语法填空①Ican'timaginehowhefinishedtherelayrace,________hisfootwoundedsoseriously.②Withtheboy________(lead)theway,wefoundthehouseeasily.③Withhiswork________(finish)hewentouttoplay.答案①with②leading③finished3.However,inotherregionsoftheworld,e.g.EasternEurope,waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.(P12)然而,在世界的其他地区,如东欧,现在的水大部分是可以安全饮用的。本句中的形容词safe作is的表语,后面接动词不定式的主动形式todrink表示与主语的被动意义。nice,good,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语,而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。Japaneseisnotdifficulttolearn.日语并不难学。(指日语被学)Thelongsentenceisdifficulttoremember.长句很难记忆。名师点睛(1)在意义上动词不定式和主语在逻辑上为动宾关系;当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要加适当介词。(2)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。Hisnewpeniseasytowritewith.他的新钢笔很好用。A.句型转换①Itispleasanttolistentothepieceofmusic.Thepieceofmusicis____________________________.B.单句语法填空②Inmanypeople'sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant________(deal)with.答案①pleasanttolistento②todeal4.Intheyear2000,147worldleadersagreedtoworktogethertoreducepovertyby2015orearlier.(P12)在2000年,147位世界级领导人同意一起合作为了到2015年或者更早地减少贫穷。句中toreducepoverty为不定式作目的状语。Togotouniversity,Ihavetoworkhard.为了上大学我得努力学习。归纳拓展不定式需注意的两个方面:(1)为了强调所表示的目的,常用inorderto或soasto+动词原形。但是inorderto可以置于句首、句中,而soasto只能置于句中。(2)不定式还可以作结果状语,但是仅限于learn,〖JP2〗find,see,hear,tobetold,make等几个具有终止含义的词。Inordertogetupearly,Iwenttobedveryearlylastnight.为了早起床,昨天晚上我很早就睡了。Ihurriedlyarrivedatthestation,tobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我匆匆地赶到车站,结果被告知那列火车已经发车了。Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.他醒了过来,结果发现大家都走了。Hestudiedhardonlytofail.他学习很努力,但却不及格。单句语法填空①Heworkshard________(go)toakeyuniversity.②Hewenthomehappily,only________(find)hisparentswerenotathome.答案①togo②tofind5.Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.报告显示:我们正在进步,但是我们需要做出更大的努力。本句为主从复合句,show后接了两个that宾语从句。第二个that一般不省略。在非正式文体中,如果that引导的宾语从句较短,其连词that一般可省略。但在下列情况下一般不可省略。(1)当that从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或者与从句之间有插入语时,that不可省略。Heannounced,believeitornot,thathewouldneverforgiveher.他宣布,信不信由你,他绝不会原谅她。(2)当that从句与另一个名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不可省略。Everyonecouldseewhatwashappeningandthatshewasreallyworried.大家都看得出发生了什么事,也知道她真的十分焦急。(3)句中若有两个并列的that从句作宾语,即使省略了第一个that,也不可省略第二个that。Ibelieve(that)you'vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.我相信你已经尽力了,我相信一切都会好起来的。单句语法填空①Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.②It'sgoodtoknow________thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe'reaway.答案①that②that课堂随练Ⅰ.根据汉语提示补全句子1.那个小男孩玩得很开心,很多玩具在地上放着。Thelittleboywasplayinghappilywithalotoftoys__________________________.2.当我在购物时你能帮我照看一下孩子吗?Wouldyoulookafterthechildren________________?3.你能想出如何解决这一问题吗?Canyou______________howtodoit?4.当你离开时,一定要确保带着你的钥匙。Whenyouleave________________youtakeyourkeys.5.他努力克服每一个困难。He________________toovercomeeverydifficulty.答案1.lyingontheground2.whileIdotheshopping3.figureout4.makesure5.madeeffortsⅡ.单句语法填空1.Thenumbe