SectionⅢGrammar—被动语态和主谓一致语法图解探究发现①Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.②TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.③Thefishtastesdelicious.④Thiscoatwasheseasily.⑤MyfamilylivesinCardiff.⑥TheclasswereveryinterestedinMrZhang'steaching.⑦Neitherhenoryouwereallowedtogooutatnight.⑧Notonlyhebutalsoallhisfamilyarekeenonconcerts.⑨California,alongwithFloridaandHawaii,isamongthemostpopularUStouristdestinations.⑩Thestudentsalongwiththeirteacheraregoingthereonfoot.[我的发现](1)①句采用了一般现在时的被动语态,其构成形式为:。(2)②句采用了一般过去时的被动语态,其构成形式为:。(3)③④句中谓语动词用主动形式表示。(4)⑤⑥句中,family,class等集合名词表示整体时,谓语动词用数;表示个体时,谓语动词用数。(5)⑦⑧句中,neither...nor...或notonly...butalso...连接并列主语,谓语动词的单复数要与保持一致。(6)⑨⑩句中,主语后带有alongwith等短语时,句子的谓语动词应与保持一致。am/is/are+donewas/were+done被动意义单靠近它的主语原主语的单复数复一、被动语态1.被动语态的构成(1)一般现在时的被动语态的构成:am/is/are+done。Heisaskedtoattendtheparty.他被请求参加聚会。(2)一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were+done。Theboywashitbyacaryesterday.这个男孩昨天被车撞了。2.被动语态的用法(1)不清楚谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。Hiscarwasstolenwhenheparkedinthestreet.他把车停在街上时,车被偷了。(2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心,强调或突出动作的承受者时。LiMingwaselectedchairmanofthemeeting.李明被选为会议的主席。(3)只知道动作的承受者或没有必要说出动作的执行者时。Nooneknowswhenthebridgewasbuilt.没人知道这座桥是什么时候建的。即时演练11-1.单句语法填空①Whenthegift(give)tohimbyhismother?②English(use)allovertheworldandhasbecomeauniversallanguage.③Ifnothing(do),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.wasgivenisusedisdone④He(catch)bythepolicemanbecauseofacaraccidentyesterday.⑤—Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessSue(invite),too.—YoumeanifSuecomesyou'llcome?wascaughtisinvited1-2.完成句子⑥纸最早是在中国制造的。PaperinChina.⑦这家公司成立于1992年。Thecompanyin1992.⑧妈妈经常告诉我要小心。Itobecarefulbymymother.⑨这些椅子昨天上午修过了。Thechairsyesterdaymorning.⑩华南种植水稻。RiceinSouthChina.wasfirstmadewasfoundedamoftentoldwererepairedisgrown3.主动形式表示被动意义(1)某些实义动词(sell,wash,write,wear等)的主动形式后跟副词(well,badly,easily等)表示被动意义,这种“动词+副词”结构常表示事物内部特有的属性。Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。(2)对系动词而言,如feel,taste,sound,become,seem等,一般用其主动形式表示被动意义。Thissouptastesstrange.这汤尝起来怪怪的。(3)表示状态的动词,如;lack,fit,mean,hold,have,contain,resemble等,不用于被动语态。Whiskycontainsalargepercentageofalcohol.威士忌所含酒精的百分比很高。即时演练22-1.单句语法填空①Thewar(break)outin1986.②Thefood(taste)delicious.③Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygift(write)smoothly.④Themovement(take)placeinShanghai.broketasteswritestook2-2.完成句子⑤委员会由十人组成。Thecommitteetenmembers.⑥会议只持续了一个小时。Themeetingonlyforanhour.⑦我喜欢我的新自行车。它很好骑。Ilikemynewbike.It.⑧这布摸起来很柔软。Thecloth.⑨流行音乐很好听。Thepopmusic.consistsoflastedridesverywellfeelssoftsoundsbeautiful二、主谓一致主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:意义一致原则,语法一致原则和就近一致原则。1.意义一致,指谓语动词的变化根据主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。(1)有些集合名词如family,team,class,committee,government等作主语时,若视为整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若视为个体,谓语动词则用复数形式。ThefamilyhasmovedtoSpain.这家人已搬去西班牙。Hisfamilyareallimportantpersons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(2)单个从句、不定式、动名词(短语)等作主语时,谓语用单数。WhentogotoChinahasn'tbeendecided.什么时候去中国还没决定。(3)学科类名词、抽象名词、物质名词、专有名词、游戏或运动类的名词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数。Physicsisconsidereddifficultbymostofstudents.许多学生认为物理很难。(4)表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Twodaysisn'tenoughformetofinishthework.Ineedathirdday.对我来说,完成这项工作两天是不够的,我还需要一天。(5)当一个冠词后面跟两个名词,这两个名词指同一人/物,或强调一套/副时,谓语用单数。Theprofessorandwriterisinvitedtomanyuniversitiestogivespeeches.这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。(6)people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牛),crew(全体船员),staff(全体职员)等集合名词作主语时,表示复数概念,谓语动词用复数。Somecattleweredrinkingatthepool.有几头牛在那池塘边饮水。(7)“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Theinjuredhavebeentakentothenearesthospital.受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院。(8)“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语时,根据of后的名词的数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Twothirdsofthetreeshavebeencutdown.三分之二的树木被砍掉了。Twothirdsofthewaterisusedforwateringthetrees.三分之二的水被用来浇树了。即时演练33-1.单句语法填空①Waterisimportanttous,sotheUnitedStates(launch)campaignstosavewater.②Thepolice(search)forthelostchildnow.③Myfamily(live)inShandong.④English(be)herfavoritesubject.⑤Thesick(cure)andthelost(find).haslaunchedaresearchinglivesishavebeencuredhavebeenfound3-2.完成句子⑥老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。Theoldcareofinourcity.⑦我们一家人在看电视。Myfamily.⑧什么时间什么地方举行这次会议还没有决定下来。arewelltakenarewatchingTVWhenandwheretoholdthemeetingyet.⑨自从我来到这所学校,三个月已经过去了。ThreemonthssinceIcametotheschool.⑩一副刀叉已摆在桌子上。Aknifeandforkonthetable.hasnotbeendecidedhaspassedhasbeenlaid2.语法一致,指从语法形式取得一致,即主语是单数,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。(1)当each,either,neither作主语时,谓语用单数。Eachhashisadvantages.每个人都有优点。[名师点津]当each/every修饰名词作主语或“each/every+n.+andeach/every+n.”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlistaughttoreadandwrite.每个男孩和每个女孩都被教读和写。(2)主语后接with,togetherwith,aswellas,but等短语时,谓语形式与主语一致。Heaswellashisbrothersiscomingtoseeyou.他和他的弟弟们将要来看你。(3)trousers,shoes,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但这些词前面若有apairof,谓语动词用单数。Theshoesarewornoutofshape.这双鞋子穿走形了。Thispairofshoesiswornoutofshape.这双鞋穿走形了。(4)“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。Manyastudentfailstopassontheexamination.许多学生考试不及格。(5)none作主语,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词用单数。Noneofusare/isperfect.人无完人。Butnoneofthismakesyoumoney,sowhybother?但是这些都不让你赚钱,所以何必费事儿呢?即时演练44-1.单句改错①Thechildtogetherwithhisparentsarehavinglunch.②Morethanonestudenthavefinishedhiswork.③NoboyandnogirlinourclasshavebeentoBeijing.④Noneofthisworryme.⑤Thatpairofglassesaremine.are→ishave→hashave→hasworry→worriesare→is4-2.完成句子⑥任何一个对我都有用。Eitherme.⑦不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。responsibleforit.⑧他需要的是一副眼镜。Apairofgla