2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 1 Deep South Section Ⅰ Intr

Module1DeepSouth［话题导读］导语：被称为“最后的大陆”的南极洲还是世界上最后的净土吗？读读下面的文章你会有所感触的！Oncecompletelyinaccessible，Antarcticahasmorerecentlybeenplayinghosttoadventurersseekingexcitement，scientistsinterestedinexperimenting，andcompanieslookingtoexploitthiswildterrain(地势，地带)forprofit:gold，uranium，andoilarejustsomeofthevaluableresourceswhichliebeneaththecontinent'sicycovering.ThoughnohumanpopulationisnativetoAntarctica，about1,000peopleworkthereinthesummermonths，andanother12,000touristsvisitthereeveryyear.Theycometoenjoytheunspoiled(未损坏的，未宠坏的)environment，thebrightblueskies，andthefreshwhitesnowfields.Ifatouristisluckyenough，heorshecanjoinanexpeditiontoseesomeofthecontinent'sotherresidents.AnimalsalongthecoastoftheSouthernOceandon'tmindthecoldweather，andthrive(兴盛，茁壮成长)inAntarctica'sseas.Penguinsandsealsbreedontheicyshoresandfishforkrillinthecoolwater.Yet，Antarctica'sfragile(脆的，易碎的)andcomplicatedeco­systemisthreatenedbyitshumanvisitors.Damagetotheenvironmentoccursaspeoplecomelookingforresourcesbeneaththeice，orcarelesslyleavetheirgarbagebehind.Currently,countriesareworkingtoensurethatthedamagetoAntarctica'senvironmentisminimized，andthatthelastwildernessonEarthwillremainanunspoiledplace.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读［先读通］Antarctica①：theLastContinentAntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.It'salsothedriest.Withannual②rainfall③closetozero④，Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometresaroundtheSouthPole⑤，itisthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld.Ahighmountainrange,theTrans­Antarcticrange⑥，runsfromeasttowest,cuttingthecontinentintwo⑦.Therearevolcanoestoo,buttheyarenotveryactive.Antarcticaholds⑧90%oftheworld'sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)isinafrozenstate⑨，ofcourse.98%ofthesurfaceis⑩coveredpermanently⑪intheicecap.Onaverage⑫itistwokilometresthick,butinsomeplacesitreachesadepth⑬offivekilometres.Strongwindsdrivenbygravity⑭blowfromthepoletothecoastline,whileotherwindsblowroundthecoast.Itisdifficulttoimagineamoreinhospitable⑮place.YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichhasadaptedto⑯itsextreme⑰conditions⑱.Therearedifferenttypesofpenguins,flyingbirds,seals,andwhales.ButthelongAntarcticwinternight,whichlastsfor182days(thelongestperiodofcontinuousdarknessonearth),aswellastheextremecoldandlackofrainfall,meansthatfewtypesofplantscansurvivethere⑲.Onlytwotypesofflowering⑳plantsarefound,whiletherearenotreesonthelargecontinent○21.Therestoftheplantsaremadeupofmosses○22，algae○23andlichen○24.Someformsofalgaehaveadaptedtogrowonice.Mostoftheicehasbeenthereforthousandsofyears.Asaresult○25，ithasbecomeawindowonthepast,andcangiveresearcherslotsofusefulinformation.Gasesandminerals,intheformof○26volcanicdusttrapped○27intheice，cantellusalotaboutwhattheworld'sclimatewaslikeinpastages○28.Antarcticrocksarealsoveryimportantforresearch.Mostofthemaremeteorites○29fromouterspace○30.Onerock，knownasthe“Alien”rock○31，maycontain○32evidenceofextra­terrestrial○33life.SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincolour○34，theystandout○35againstthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.Antarcticawasthelastcontinenttobediscovered○36.ButmorethantwothousandyearsagoGreekgeographersbelievedthattherewasalargelandmass○37inthesouthwhichbalanced○38thelandinthenorth○39.TheycalleditAnti­Arktikos，orAntarctica：theoppositeofArctic.WhenEuropeansdiscoveredthecontinentofAmericainthe15thcentury,thegreatageofexploration○40began.However,progresstotheSouthPolewasslow.Notuntilthelate18thcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcross○41theAntarcticCircle,butheneversawland.Thenin1895,aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevink○42becamethefirstmantosetfooton○43theAntarcticmainland.Theracetothepolehadbegun.Itwasfinallyreachedon11thDecember,1911bytheNorwegianRoaldAmundsen.TodayscientistsfrommanycountriestraveltoAntarcticatostudyitsresources.Aspiritofinternationalfriendshiphasreplacedtherivalry○44thatexistedbetweenmanyoftheearlierexplorers○45.In1961,atreaty○46signedby12countries○47，includingBritain,France,andtheUSA,madeAntarcticatheworld'sbiggestnaturereserve.Theaimofthetreatyistoprevent○48thecommercial○49andmilitaryuseofthecontinent○50.Inparticular○51，itaimstokeepAntarcticafreefrom○52nuclear○53tests○54andradioactive○55waste;topromote○56internationalscientificprojects;andtoendargumentsaboutwhoownstheland○57.Todaycountriesrepresenting○5880%oftheworld'spopulation○59havesignedthetreaty.Antarcticahasbecomeperhapsthemostsuccessfulsymbolofman'seffortstoworktogetherforprogressandpeace.［再记住］①Antarctica［æn'tɑktIkə］n.南极洲②annual［'ænjuəl］adj.每年的n.年刊；年鉴③rainfall［'reInfɔl］n.降水量；降雨量④Withannualrainfallclosetozero是with复合结构，在句中作原因状语。⑤现在分词短语Coveringabout14millionsquare...作原因状语。⑥theTrans­Antarcticrange横贯南极洲的山脉⑦现在分词短语cuttingthecontinentintwo在句中作状语。⑧hold此处指“拥有”。⑨state［steIt］n.状态；状况ina(n)...state处于一种……状态⑩“百分数或分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式要与of后面的名词的数保持一致。⑪permanentlyadv.永久地；长期地⑫onaverage通常；按平均值above/belowaverage高于/低于平均水平⑬depth［depθ］n.深度atadepthof在……深处indepth深入地；彻底地beoutofone'sdepth为某人的能力所不及⑭gravity［'grævəti］n.重力，地心引力过去分词短语drivenbygravity作后置定语，修饰Strongwinds。⑮inhospitable［Inhɒ'spItəbl］adj.荒凉的；不适宜居住的hospitab