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SectionⅢGrammar—构词法语法图解探究发现①Hewasnamedtheirmostvaluedplayerfivetimes.②Let'shaveaswim.③Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.④Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautiful.⑤huntermovementinvention[我的发现](1)①句中，name通常为名词，此处用作词。(2)②句中，swim通常为动词，此处用作词。(3)③句中，better通常为形容词，此处用作词。(4)④句中，black通常为形容词，此处用作词。(5)⑤中，黑体部分为。它往往一个词的词性。动名动名后缀改变一、词性转化1．定义：不添加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法称为词性转化。2．常见的词性转化类型(1)动词→名词单词动词词义名词词义dress(给……)穿衣服连衣裙；女装dream做梦梦look看；寻找看；神色taste品尝味道单词动词词义名词词义love爱，喜欢爱；爱人plant种植植物；工厂study学习；研究学习；研究；书房try尝试尝试work工作工作Hewantedtotastethesoupandknowthetasteofit.他想尝尝汤，知道汤的味道。Shedressedherselfinareddress.她给自己穿上了一条红裙子。[名师点津]由动词转化而来的名词常与give,have,make,take等动词搭配来表示一个动作。giveakick踢takeaseat就座haveaswim游泳makeabet打赌(2)名词→动词单词名词词义动词词义book书预定；预约dust灰尘，尘埃打扫film电影；影片拍电影；拍摄fish鱼钓鱼mail邮件邮寄；发送seat座位使就座ship船用船运送；遣送单词名词词义动词词义hand手传递shoulder肩膀负责任，肩负train火车训练，培养nurse护士护理，照顾Willyoupleasegivemeahandandhandmethebook?你帮我一下，把那本书递给我好吗？Thenursenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.这名护士看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。(3)形容词→动词单词形容词词义动词词义dirty脏的(使)变脏correct正确的改正quiet安静的(使)安静dry干燥的(使)变干empty空的倒空单词形容词词义动词词义free自由的释放narrow狭窄的(使)变窄slow缓慢的(使)减速Tomakethesentencecorrect,youmustcorrectthemistakes.为了使句子正确，你必须改正句中的错误。Theteacheraskedthestudentstokeepquietandtheclassroomquieteddownimmediately.老师要求学生保持安静，教室里立刻静了下来。(4)形容词→名词单词形容词词义名词词义chemical化学的化学品daily每天的日报black黑色的黑色final最后的决赛native当地的当地人total总的总数Wewatchedthefinalgame,thatistosay,wewatchedthefinal.我们看了最后的比赛，也就是说，我们看了决赛。Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautifulandshelikeswearingblackclothes.穿黑衣服的那个女孩看上去很漂亮，她喜欢穿黑色的衣服。(5)其他词性转化情况outadv.往外，向外→n.托词；出路upadv.向上；上涨→v.提高……的价格southn．南方→adv.向南，朝南upstairsn．楼上→adv.在楼上Theywantedtogetthevaseandraisedthepriceup.Theyhaveuppedtheirofferby5%.他们想得到那个花瓶，就提高了价格。他们已经把报价提高了5%。[名师点津]有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化。例如：即时演练11－1.写出下列句中红体单词的词性和含义①Sheisaworldfamousfilmstarandhasstarredinmanyfamousfilms._________；_______②CCTVwillgivethefanslivebroadcastoftheWorldCup.______________③Thechildisveryexcitedtoseetherealliveelephant._____________④Theoldcouplearelivingapeacefullifeinthecountrysidenow.________________n.明星v.主演adj.现场直播的adj.活的v.过……的生活⑤Toherteacher'sjoy,Mary'sscoresinthetestareaboveaverage._________⑥Itisreportedthattheaverageincomeoffarmersthisyearhasincreasedby6%.____________⑦It'sasmallrestaurant,averaginglessthanfiftycustomersaday.___________n.平均水平adj.平均的v.平均有⑧Thegamefinishedinatiebutourteamwentthroughtothefinal.________⑨Thetwoathletestiedforfirstplacewithatimeof26.8seconds._________⑩Myfatherhasrecoveredfromhisillnessandlooksverywell._________⑪Studentsinmyclassalwaysgetalongwellwitheachother.________⑫Weusedtogetourdrinkingwaterfromawell._____n.平局v.打成平局adj.气色好adv.好n.井1－2.完成句子⑬箱子已经被倒空用来装这些书。Thecase________________forthesebooks.⑭我打算去旅行，而且我已经在网上订票了。IamgoingtotravelandI_______________________online.⑮她放慢车速，开始驶上一条狭窄的道路。She_________________andbegandrivingupanarrowroad.hasbeenemptiedhavebookedtheticketslowedthecar⑯我认为这辆车不能容纳你们所有的人。Idon'tthinkthecarwill________________.⑰在随后一年的高中生活中，你将会面对越来越多的挑战。Inthenextyearofyourseniorhighschoollife,you____________________________________.holdyouallwillfacemoreandmorechallenges1.定义：通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，叫词的派生。2．常见的形容词后缀(1)“名词＋后缀”构成的形容词名词＋yhealthy,hilly,lucky,rainy,thirsty名词＋fulcareful,helpful,successful,useful名词＋ichistoric,poetic,electric名词＋erneastern,northern,southern,western二、词的派生名词＋iveactive,attractive名词＋lyfriendly,lively,lovely名词＋ousdangerous,famous,poisonous,envious名词＋engolden,wooden,woolen名词＋lesscareless,endless,homeless,hopeless,useless名词＋alcultural,national,natural,official名词＋ishchildish,foolish,feverish名词＋somehandsome,tiresome名词＋wardeastward,southward(2)“动词＋后缀”构成的形容词动词＋edexcited,tired,interested动词＋ingsurprising,interesting,astonishing动词＋ablecomfortable,enjoyable,acceptable即时演练22－1.单句语法填空①Whenweplanourvacation,ourmotheroftenoffersus____________(practice)suggestions.②Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe__________(attempt)murderbythepolicenow.practicalattempted③Whynotgoforapicniconsucha____________(sun)day?④Thesong,recordedinthestudio,sounded_____________(fantasy)atthepartythatnight.⑤Goodsat_____________(reason)pricesandofhighqualityarealwayswellreceivedbyconsumers.⑥IbegantoloveShanghaithefirsttimeIcametothis_____________(beauty)city.⑦Ifyougotherebytrain,youwillhavequitea__________(comfort)journey.sunnyfantasticreasonablebeautifulcomfortable⑧Hewasreallymanlyenoughtobe____________(response)forwhathehaddone.⑨Thehurricanedestroyedagreatnumberofhouses,makingthousandsofpeople____________(home)．⑩AsfarasI'mconcerned,____________(effect)measuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.2－2.单句改错⑪Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthandwise.________________responsiblehomelesseffectivewealth→wealthy⑫Mygrandfatherisasenergyasayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingallday.________________⑬Instantnoodleswhichareeasytocookareavailabilityingrocerystores._____________________⑭Inadditiontobeingconfident,sheisalsoattractiveandsense.________________⑮Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygiveoffpoisongases.________________energy→energeticavailability→availablesense→sensitivepoison→poi