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1,3,2,2,1,3,1,3,1,3,1,3(1.,450121;2.,450002;3.,450002),,,,,,,,,;;;S476+1A0517-6611(2009)21-10054-02ApplicationStrategiesofBaculovirusinPestControlWANGYun2longetal(ZhengzhouTechnicalCollege,Zhengzhou,Henan450121)AbstractBaculovirusesareregardedassafeandselectivebio2insecticides.Theyhavebeenusedworldwideagainstmanyinsectpests.Prob2lemsthathavelimitedtheexpansionofbaculovirususe,includingnarrowhostrange,slowkillingspeed,technicalandeconomicaldifficultiesforinvitrocommercialproduction,timingofapplicationbasedonfrequenthostpopulationmonitoring,variabilityoffieldefficacyduetocli2maticconditions.Aimingatthelimitationsofbaculoviruses,especiallytheirslowkillingactivity,alotofstrategieshavebeeninvestigated,whichincludetheuseofchemicalorbiologicalsubstancesaddedtovirusformulationsandgeneticengineeringofthevirusesthemselvestoex2pressinsecttoxinsorhormones.Suchstrategiescanenhanceviralactivityandincreasespeedofkillingaswellasreducelarvalfeedingactivi2ty.TheuseofbaculovirusesagainstLepidopterawasreviewed.KeywordsInsecticide;Biologicalcontrol;Nuclearpolyhedrosisvirus;Granulosisvirus(2007180051);(072102140009)(1962-),,,,20092042031,[1-2](Baculoviridae)700,[3-5],,[6],[7-9](Baculoviridae)2:(Eubaculovirinae)(Nudibacu2lovirinae)[10],,2:(NPV)(GV)[3]NPVGV(OB)NPVs,A.californicaAnagraphafalciferaMamestrabrassicaeNPVs,1[1,11]GVsNPVs,[12][13],,,,,,[14],[12,15],,,,[15],[16],58d,24d[17-18],,,[19],[1,20],,[1](AnticarsiagemmatalisNPV)[21],[22]2[23]2.1,,[1],15,5,10[24],,2030,(GilpiniahercyniaeNPV),[1],[2],JournalofAnhuiAgri.Sci.2009,37(21):10054-10055,10135(Pseudoplusiaincludens)200500hm2,1215[25],[1]2.2,,,(Rhinocerosbeetle)(Oryctesrhinoceros)[26];(A.gemmatalis)2.3(),,,,Wiseanaspp.[27](Spodopterafrugiperda)[28],,2.4,[29],,[1,30-31],,,,,[30]3,,(A.gemmatalis),510,,[31],,,,,,,,[1]CUNNINGHAMJC.Baculovirusesasmicrobialinsecticides[M]//REU2VENIR.Novelapproachestointegratedpestmanagement.BocaRaton,FL:Lewis,1995:261-292.[2]FUXAJR.Newdirectionsforinsectcontrolwithbaculoviruses[M]//BAKERRR,DUNNPE.Newdirectionsinbiologicalcontrol.NewYork:Wiley2Liss,1990:97-113.[3]MURPHYFA,FAUQUETCM,BISHOPDHL,etal.Virustaxonomy[M]//NewYork:Springer2Verlag,1995:110-113.[4]POSSEERD.Viralapproachesforinsectcontrol[M]//KIML.Advancedengineeredpesticides.NewYork:Dekker,1993:99-112.[5]TANADAY,KAYAHK.Insectpathology[M].NewYork:Academic,1993.[6]GRONERA.Safetytonontargetinvertebratesofbaculoviruses[J].SeeRef,1990,93:135-147.[7]BECKAGESN,THOMPSONBA,FEDERICIBA.Parasitesandpatho2gensofinsects[M].PathogensSanDiego,CA:Academic,1993.[8]LACEYLA,GOETTELMS.Currentdevelopmentsinmicrobialcontrolofinsectpestsandprospectsfortheearly21stcentury[J].Entomophaga,1995,40:3-27.[9]MOSCARDIF,SOSA2GOMEZDR.Utilizaciondevirusacampo[M]//LECUONARE.Microrganismospatogenosempleadosenelcontrolmicro2bianodeinsectosplaga.BuenosAires:Mass,1996:261-276.[10]FRANCKIRIB,FAUQUETCM,KNUDSONDL,etal.Classificationandnomenclatureofviruses:fifthreportoftheinternationalcommitteeontaxonomyofviruses[J].ArchVirol,1991,2:117-123.[11]HOSTETTERDL,PUTLERP.Anewbroadspectrumnuclearpolyhedro2sisvirusisolatedfrom.acelerylooper,Anagraphafalcifera(Kirby)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].EnvironEntomol,1991,20:1480-1488.[12]BILIMORIASL.Thebiologyofnuclearpolyhedrosisviruses[M]//KURSTAKE.Virusesofinvertebrates.NewYork:Dekker,1991:1-71.[13]HARPERJD.Interactionsbetweenbaculovirusesandotherentomopatho2gens[J].ChemicalPesticides,andParasitoids,1986,62:133-156.[14]MILLERLK.Thebaculoviruses[M].NewYork:Plenum,1997.[15]GRANADOSRR,FEDERICIBA.Thebiologyofbaculoviruses,Vol.1,Biologicalpropertiesandmolecularbiology[M].BocaRaton,FL:CRC,1986.[16]YOUNGSY,KRINGTJ.SelectionofhealthyandnuclearpolyhedrosisvirusinfectedAnticarsiagemmatalis(Lep.:Noctuidae)aspreybyny2mphalNabisroseipennis(Hemiptera:Nabidae)inlaboratoryandonsoy2bean[J].Entomophaga,1991,36:265-273.[17]ROTHMANLD,MYERSJH.DebilitatingeffectsofviraldiseasesonhostLepidoptera[J].JInvertebrPathol,1996,67:1-10.[18]FUXAJR.EcologicalconsiderationsfortheuseofentomopathogensinIPM[J].AnnuRevEntomol,1987,32:225-251.[19]MOSCARDIF,CARVALHORCZ.ConsumoeutilizaÔ¾odesojaporAntic2arsiagemmatalisHb.(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)infectada,emdiferentesestÀdioslarvais,porseuvirusdepoliedrosenuclear[J].AnSocEntomolBras,1993,22:267-280.[20]FUXAJR,RICHTERAR.DistanceandrateofspreadofAnticarsiagemmatalis(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)nuclearpolyhedrosisvirusreleasedintosoybean[J].EnvironEntomol,1994,23:1308-1316.[21]CORYJS,HIRSTML,WILLIAMST,etal.Fieldtrialofageneticallyimprovedbaculovirusinsecticide[J].Nature,1994,370:138-140.[22]MOSCARDIF.SoybeanintegratedpestmanagementinBrazil[J].PlantProtBull,1993,41:91-100.[23]MARAMOROSCHK,MITSUHASHIJ.Invertebratecellculture:noveldi2rectionsandbiotechnologyapplications[M].Enfield:NH:Science,1997.(10135)55001372191.2%[19]6[20]2008JuliuszPerkowskiGS/MStrichodiene,[21]4,,300,,,,,,,,,,[1].[J].,2004,32(1):9-12.[2]GARDNERJW,BARTLETTPN.Abriefhistoryofelectronicnose[J].SensorsandActuatorsB,1994,18/19:211-220.[3]PERSANDK,DODDGH.Analysisofdiscriminationmechanismsinthemammalianolfactorysystemusingamodelnose[J].Natu