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写作专题讲析第五讲巧妙遣词造句，实现升级策略高考书面表达最高档次的评分标准中，要求“词汇丰富，有修辞意识，显示出较强的语言运用能力”。因此要想在高考英语写作中取得高分，就必须使用一定的高级词汇及复杂句式，为文章增加闪光点，从而提高文章的档次。1．遣词方面(1)具体性原则在具备一定词汇量的条件下，具体的表达比泛泛而谈的内容更能引起读者的共鸣。例如：当描述一个具体事物或人时，类似anice/goodman的表达让人感觉很空洞，我们可以用有个性的、具体的词描绘一个人，如kind－hearted(好心的)；generous(慷慨的；大方的)；easy－going(随和的)等。①(2015·陕西高考)Asanoutgoinggirl，Igetalongwithmyclassmates.②(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Iwillhavemyownfamily，probablywithalovelychild.③(2014·江西高考)Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.(2)新颖性原则写作时恰当得体地使用高中学过的、别人可能想不到的词汇，会给阅卷人耳目一新的感觉。但是需注意：既要避免使用俗词，又要避开冷僻词汇。①(2014·江西高考)Inthecomingthreeyears，ourschoollifewillbedifficult.→Inthecomingthreeyears，ourschoollifewillbechallenging.②Solongasweholdfasttoouridealsandnevergiveup，wearesuretoachievesuccess.→Solongasweholdfasttoouridealsandnevergiveup，weareboundtoachievesuccess.(3)短语优先原则多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。①Atthesametime，Idecidedtostudyharderratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings...→(2015·湖南高考)Atthesametime，Imadeupmymindtostudyharderratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings...②Developingagoodhabitisalsoimportant.→(2014·江西高考)Developingagoodhabitisalsoofimportance.③Iwasgoingtothebookstoreandwaswaitingforthegreenlightatacrossingwhenagirlofabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar，whichdroveoffquickly.→(2014·湖北高考)Iwasonmywaytothebookstoreandwaswaitingforthegreenlightatacrossingwhenagirlofabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar，whichdroveoffquickly.(4)避免重复原则尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词，必要时选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。①Ilikereadingwhilemybrotherlikeswatchingfootballmatches.→Ilikereadingwhilemybrotherenjoyswatchingfootballmatches.②We'vebuiltanewexperimentbuildingbesidetheoldoneandwe'vealsobuiltalibrarywheretheoldplaygroundusedtobe.→We'vebuiltanewexperimentbuildingbesidetheoldoneandwe'vealsosetupalibrarywheretheoldplaygroundusedtobe.常见高级写作词汇必备1．第一first→tobegin/startwith2．第二second→inaddition/what'smore3．最后finally→lastbutnotleast4．总之inaword→tosumup/inconclusion/insummary5．但是but→however6．机会chance→opportunity7．选择choice→alternative8．考虑consider→takeintoaccount/consideration9．充足enough→adequate10．影响effect→influence11．最终finally→eventually12．勤奋hardworking→diligent13．帮助help→assist14．后果result→consequence15．应该should→besupposedto16．缺点shortcoming→drawback17．理解understand→makesenseof/figureout18．可用useful→available19．使用use→employ/makeuseof20．种类繁多allkindsof→awiderangeof21．也；和aswellas→inadditionto/apartfrom22．反对beagainst→objectto23．厌烦beboredwith→befedupwith24．忙于bebusyin/with→beoccupiedin/with25．发生happen→occur/comeabout26．几乎不hardly→barely27．提高improve→promote28．重要important→vital29．立即immediately→inaflash30．不可能impossible→outofthequestion31．有趣interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing32．参加join→participate33．幸运lucky→fortunate34．巨大large→enormous35．许多many→alargequantityof36．明显obvious→apparent37．丰富rich→abundant38．小心谨慎becareful→becautious39．与……不同bedifferentfrom→differ/varyfrom40．渴望做……beeagertodo→bedyingtodo/longtodo41．因为becauseof→onaccountof42．闻名befamousfor→haveareputationfor43．正在建设beingbuilt→underconstruction44．感到舒心feelcomfortable→feelatease45．在我看来inmyopinion→asfarasIamconcerned46．美化学校makeourschoolbeautiful→beautifyourschool47．故意onpurpose→deliberately/bydesign48．置若罔闻refusetolistento→turnadeafearto49．成功做某事succeedindoingsth.→makeit50．无法描述的美丽toobeautifultodescribe→beautybeyonddescription51．一个表现好的孩子achildwhobehavesinaproperway→awell－behavedchild52．节能的房子ahousewhichsavesenergy→anenergy－savinghouse53．一位受到良好教育的妇女awomanwhohasreceivedgoodeducation→awell－educatedwoman54．精心组织的活动anactivitythatisorganizedwell→awell－organizedactivity55．一个爱好和平的人apersonwholovespeace→apeace－lovingperson2．造句方面高考评分标准中提出“较多的语法结构”就是指句式结构的多样性。毋庸置疑，单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子会使文章呆板单调，缺乏生气和活力，而灵活多变的句式则使行文丰富多彩、生动、自然、流畅。感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、非谓语动词短语等语法结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映出作者的语言运用能力。常见的满分句型：(1)合并句子(丰富结构)●(山东高考)NotonlycanIimprovemyoralEnglishbutalsoIlearnsomecustomsinwesterncountries.●(江西高考)Foronething，theyhelptoimprovemywritingskillsandbroadenmyhorizons.Foranother，theycanenrichmylifeandprovidemewithgreatfun.(2)改变语态(避免单调)●(重庆高考)Besides，Iamabook－loverandthebooksaresowellkeptthattheyareasgoodasnew.(3)使用省略(达到言简意赅的效果)●(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Ifso，pleasekeepquietaboutitbecausewewanttogivehimasurprise.(4)使用强调句型(突出语意)●(福建高考)Itisoverprotectionandtoomuchcarethataffectthechildren'shealthydevelopment.(5)使用倒装句(增强说服力)●(江苏高考)Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish.(6)使用虚拟语气(提出建议，委婉表达，易于接受)●(陕西高考)Shewouldhaveneverthoughtacompletesurprisewaswaitingforher.(7)使用with结构(丰富句式)●(福建高考)Theparkwasfulloffreshnessandbeautyofspring,withthesunshiningandbirdssinging.(8)使用状语从句(强调谓语或句子)●(湖北高考)WheneverIhaddifficulties，theywerealwaysavailable.(9)使用定语从句(表意丰富)●(山东高考)However，Iwasbusypreparingformyfinalexamatthattime，whichwasofvitalimportanceforme.(10)使用名词性从句(体现扎实的语言功底)●(福建高考)Itshowsacommonphenomenonnowadaysthatchildrenarethefocusoffamilies，shoulderingthehopeoftheirparents.(11)使用非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词的使用，可使句式多样化)●(福建高考)What'sworse，theyspatandeventhrewrubbishintothelake，totallyignoringthenoticeablesign“NoLittering”nearby.●(安徽高考)Thesedays，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon，causing