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旅游学概论天津商业大学商学院旅游管理系旅游学概论绪论旅游学概论绪论概要一、世界旅游发展状况1、世界旅游状况2、中国旅游发展状况（1）入境旅游（2）国内旅游（3）出境旅游二、旅游学的研究对象和课程性质三、旅游学科的研究以及本课的内容简介四、旅游学的研究方法五、CareerPossibilities旅游学概论学习目的•通过绪论学习，你能够：–理解旅游学与旅游科学–了解旅游学的研究对象以及本课程的主要内容–了解旅游学的研究方法旅游学概论绪论一、世界旅游发展状况1、世界旅游状况客观原因：二战之后，生产的机械化、自动化程度提高，商品经济高度发展。导致一方面人们的生活节奏越来越快；另一方面，收入也随之提高，带薪假日延长。主观原因：为了调节精神生活减轻心理负担，恢复体力和脑力，以便再生产出质量高的劳动力，投入新的生产过程，旅游便成为生活中不可缺少的部分。于是各种类型的旅游者纷纷加入国际旅游的行列。从下图可以看出，国际旅游人数逐年增加，旅游外汇收入呈递增趋势。旅游学概论旅游学概论旅游学概论Source:WTTCTravelandTourismCanDoubleinSizeby2011•TravelandTourismwillcontinuetoexpandfasterthantheeconomyasawholeandfasterthancomparableindustries.•By2011Travel&Tourismisexpectedtoaccountfor:•*Overtwicetheoutputat$7.0trillion*Morejobs---260millionemployees•Growthdependsonenlightenedgovernmentpolicy旅游学概论２、中国旅游发展状况入境旅游国际旅游旅游包括两方面的内容出境旅游国内旅游中国政府出于赚取外汇的目的，于七十年代末八十年代初首先发展了国际接待旅游业（即入境旅游）；由入境旅游带动中国公民的国内旅游；进而产生了一定的出境旅游市场。中国旅游业的发展模式：入境旅游——国内旅游——出境旅游旅游学概论（1）入境旅游InboundTourism•ThemodeofChina’stourismdevelopmentisquitedifferentfromthatinmostofthedevelopmentcountriesintheworld.•Forpoliticalandeconomicpurposes,Chinastarteditstourismactivitiesbasedoninboundtravelonly.Asadevelopingcountry,Chinagivesprioritytoinboundtourismforitsforeignexchangeearnings.旅游学概论中国国际入境旅游发展状况改革开放以来，我国旅游业发展规模。旅游入境人数：由1978年的180.92万人次上升为1998年的6347.84万人次，增34倍；旅游外汇收入：1998年已达到126.02亿美圆，比1978年增长46.9倍，旅游业成为我国外汇收入的重要来源；旅游涉外饭店：由1978年的不足200家发展到1998年的5782家；旅行社：五十年代中期只有国旅、中旅及其十几家分社，1998年发展到6222家。旅游学概论ANNUALVISITORARRIVALS1978-2000YEARTOTALFOREIGNERSOVERSEASCHINESE*COMPATRIOTSTAIWAN19781,809,200229,60018,1001,561,500----19794,203,901362,38920,9103,820,602----19805,702,536529,12434,4135,138,999----19817,767,096675,15338,8567,053,087----19827,924,261764,49742,7457,117,019----19839,477,005872,51140,3528,564,142----198412,852,1851,134,26747,49811,670,420----198517,833,0971,370,46284,82716,377,808----198622,819,4501,482,27668,13321,269,041----198726,902,2671,727,82187,03125,087,415----198831,694,8041,842,20679,34829,773,250437,700198924,501,3941,460,97068,55622,971,868541,000199027,461,8211,747,31591,09025,623,416948,000199133,349,7572,710,103133,42730,506,227946,632199238,114,9454,006,427165,00733,943,4411,317,770199341,526,9454,655,857166,18236,704,9061,526,969199443,684,4565,182,060115,24536,996,6901,390,215199546,386,5115,886,716115,81840,383.9771,532,309199651,127,5166,744,334154,60144,228,5811,733,897199757,587,9237,428,00699,00450,060,9132,117,576199863,478,4017,107,747120,70456,249,9502,174,602199972,795,5948,432,296108,14164,255,1572,584,648200083,443,88110,160,43275,48773,207,9623,108,643NOTE:*COMPATRIOTSFROMHONGGONG,MACAOANDTAIWANPROVINCE.旅游学概论INTERNATIONALTOURISMRECEIPTS1978-2000YEARRECEIPTS(Mn.US$)INDICES(1978=100)GROWTH(%)WORLDRANK1978262.9100.0-—1979449.3170.970.9—1980616.7234.637.3341981784.9298.627.3341982843.2320.77.4291983941.2358.011.62619841,131.3430.320.22119851,250.0475.510.52119861,530.9582.322.52219871,861.5708.121.62619882,217.6854.620.72619891,860.5707.7-17.22719902,217.6843.519.22519912,844.91,082.128.32119923,946.91,501.338.71719934,683.21,781.418.71519947,323.02,785.4*1019958,733.03,321.719.310199610,200.03,880.016.89199712,074.04,592.718.48199812,602.04,793.44.47199914,099.05,362.711.97200016,224.06,171.215.17旅游学概论（2）国内旅游DomesticTourism•Untilthemid-1980s,domestictourismhardlyexisted,Chinagivesprioritytoinboundtourismforitsforeignexchangeearnings;•TomeetthegrowingdemandforleisuretravelamongChina’sowncitizensandtoencouragepersonalconsumptionforeconomicgrowth,thecentralgovernmenthasissuedanumberofpoliciestopromotedomestictourism.•In1992,weeklongholidayswerefirstintroduced;•In1995,afive-dayworkweekwasintroduced;•Startingin1999,threeweeklongholidayswereestablishedaroundMay1(MayDay/LaborDay),October1(NationalDay),andthelunarSpringFestivalofChineseNewYear.旅游学概论YearVisitors(millions)Receipts(RMBbillionYuan)ReceiptsperVisitor(RMBYuan)19852408.033.3198627010.639.3198729014.048.3198830018.762.3198924015.062.5199028017.060.7199130020.066.7199233025.075.8199339884.0211.11994524102.3195.21995629137.5218.61996640163.8255.91997644211.2328.01998695239.1344.01999719283.2393.92000740315.7426.6旅游学概论中国公民国内旅游发展迅速旅游类型：以观光为主同时开始产生度假需求。假日经济（节日经济）：黄金周——五一、十一、春节。目前，中国旅游业的发展是一手抓国际旅游，一手抓国内旅游，从以国际旅游为主改变为国际与国内旅游并重。旅游学概论Characteristicsofdomestictourism•Theaveragelengthofstaybydomestictravelerswasfourtosixdays;•Purpose.Themajorityofdomesticvisitorsweretravelingforleisure,recreationandholidays,orvisitingfriendsandrelatives;•Morethan90%ofdomesticvisitorschosetoarrangetheirtripsbythemselves;•Occupation.Morethanone-thirdvisitorsaretheexecutivesandprofessionals.旅游学概论（3）出境旅游OutboundTourism中国公民的出境旅游悄然兴起1992年出境、出国旅游人数293万；1993年出境、出国旅游人数374万；1994年出境、出国旅游人数373万；1995年出境、出国旅游人数471万……世界旅游组织预测2020年，中国将成为第四大旅游输出国。旅游学概论OutboundTourism•Parallelwiththedevelopmentofbothincominganddomestictourism,controlofoutboundtravelhasbeenrelaxed,andsomeSoutheastandEastAsiancountrieshavebecomepopulardestinationsforChinesevisitors.•Thenumberofoutboundvisitorshasbeenincreasingwitheachyear;•Thenumberofopendestinationsisgrowingnow.•CNTAhasapproved76overseastoursdestina