第二章词类第二节冠词知识梳理一、冠词的概念冠词是一种虚词,本身没有词义,也不能单独使用,要用在名词或形容词的前面。二、冠词的分类三、冠词的用法1.不定冠词的用法(1)与数词one同源,表示“一个”,泛指某人或某物,但语气不如one强烈。如:Thereisalamponthedesk.(2)代表一类人或物。如:Adriveristheonewhodrives.Anelephantisthebiggestanimalontheland.(3)不定冠词a和an的选用①大部分单数可数名词前用a。如:abag,acomputer②以元音字母a,e,i,o开头的单数可数名词,通常在其前面用an。如:anapple,anegg,anice-cream,anorange③以元音字母u开头的单词,有两种情况:a.当该字母的发音是元音//时,前面用an。如:anumbrella,anuncleb.当该字母的发音是辅音/ju/时,前面用a。如:auniversitystudent,aunit④有的单词不是以元音字母开头,但是其第一个音素是元音音素的,也要用an。如:anhour,anFMradio【注】判断一个单词是否以元音开头,要根据单词音标的第一个因素。2.定冠词的用法定冠词the在句中或是文中可理解为“this”或“that”,在复数句子中理解为“these”或“those”。有“这(那)个(些)”的意思,但语气较弱,要和名词连用来表示某个或某些特定的人或物。(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。如:Lookatthepictureonthewall.(2)指上文已提到过的人或物。如:Thereisaboyattable.Theboy'snameisMike.(3)指世上独一无二的事物。如:thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物。如:thedollar,thefox(5)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。如:TheyarethestudentsofClassOne.他们是一班的学生。(指全体学生)TheyarestudentsofClassOne.他们是一班的学生。(指部分学生)(6)与形容词连用,表示一类人。如:therich,thepoor(7)用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如:onthesecondfloor,the12thbirthdayparty,thetallestboy,theshortestplayer(8)用在某些由普通名词构成的组织、机构等专有名词前。如:thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theUnitedStatesofAmerica(9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。如:playthepiano,playtheviolin,playthepipa(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。如:theGreens,theWangs(11)用在惯用语中。如:intheday,inthemorning,thedayaftertomorrow3.零冠词的用法(1)国名、人名前通常不用定冠词。如:Chinaisagreatcountry.Bingoishisname.(2)在季节、月份、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不用冠词。如:Springisthefirstseasonoftheyear.Sundayisthefirstdayoftheweek.(3)在三餐之前,不用冠词。如:havebreakfast,havelunch,havedinner/supper(4)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不用冠词。如:Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(5)在球类名词之前,不用冠词。如:playbasketball,playfootball,playbadminton(6)在学科、语言名词之前,不用冠词。如:haveChineseclass,speakEnglish(7)当by与交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,名词之前不用冠词。如:bybus,bytrain(8)当名词前面有this,that,my,his,every,some,名词所有格等修饰词时,不用冠词。如:Thisismyschoolbag.Amy'sdollispink.(9)有些个体名词,如:school,hospital等,当它们直接置于介词后时,表示该名词的深层含义;若名词前加定冠词the,则表示一般含义。如:考点精析考点考查冠词的用法【例1】用a,an,the或/填空。1.Shehasappleandpear.2.IcanspeakChineseandEnglishwell.3.Mikecanplayguitarandplayfootball.4.AfterIhadquickbreakfast,Ihurriedtoschool.解析:此类题考查冠词在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的不同用法。第1小题关键看apple和pear两个单词的第一个字母的发音是元音还是辅音;第2小题语言名词前用零冠词;第3小题乐器名词前用定冠词,球类名词前用零冠词;第4小题注意三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加不定冠词a。答案:1.an;a2./;/3.the;/4.a举一反三1.用a或an填空。(1)eye(2)ear(3)mouth(4)oldman(5)honestboy(6)usefulbook2.用正确的冠词填空。(1)Westudy8hoursday.(2)Heistalleststudentinourclass.(3)Ihadbreakfastat7:00thismorning.(4)Ioftenhavebigdinneronmybirthday.anaanananaathea/【例2】单项填空。()MrBlackwillgotoBeijing.A.byairB.byaplaneC.takeaplane解析:本题考查冠词的使用和短语的固定搭配。by与交通工具连用时,用零冠词,B选项本身有错,不可选;takeaplane本身没有错,但是动词短语用在句子此处不合适。byair与byplane,byairplane,byaeroplane同义,均意为“乘飞机”。答案:A举一反三3.在下列句子中的横线处填上适当的冠词或/。(1)Let‘sgooutforwalk.(2)Didyouhavebigdinnerlastnight?(3)WashingtoniscapitalofUSA.4.单项填空。()womanoverthereispopularteacherinourschool.A.A;theB.The;aC.The;thetheaaB过关检测一、用不定冠词a或an填空。1._____egg2._____boy3._____student4._____umbrella5._____university6._____hour7._____oldhouse8._____youngman9._____Englishbook二、用a,an,the或/填空,补全句子。1.Ihave_____Englishbook._____bookisveryinteresting.2.Thatis_____orange.It’s_____bigorange.anaaanaananananTheanaa3.Todayis_____Sunday.It’s_____firstdayofaweek.4._____sunismuchbiggerthan_____moon.5.Beijingisthecapital(首都)of_____China.6.Thesuncomesoutin_____morningandsetsdownin_____evening.7.What_____interestingfilmitis!Ilike_____filmverymuch.8.Let’sgofor_____walk,shallwe?9.Whichis_____biggest,_____sun,_____moon,or_____earth?10.Ihavetwodogs._____blackoneisyoungand_____yellowoneisold./theThethe/thetheanathethethetheThethethe三、单项填空。()1.ChenJieisChinesegirl.A.aB.anC.theD./()2.MikeisfromAmerica.A.aB.anC.theD./()3.Thisisusefulbook.A.aB.anC.theD./()4.Heisartist.A.aB.anC.theD./()5.Thisismypetdog.A.aB.anC.theD./ADABD()6.Annlikesplayingpianoverymuch.A.aB.anC.theD./()7.MrsBlackoftengoestoschooltoseehersonJohn.A.aB.anC.theD./()8.Thisismapofworld.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a()9.Ourclassroomisonsecondfloor.Let’sgotoclassroom.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a()10.TokyoiscapitalofJapan.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;/CCCBD