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专题五Therebe结构Therebe结构又叫存在句，它是英语中一种常见的句型结构，表示“在某地存在某物(某人)或在某时发生某事”。考点一Therebe结构的形式1．Therebe结构的肯定式Therebe结构的肯定式主要有以下两种形式：(1)Thereis＋可数名词单数/不可数名词＋地点/时间状语。如：Thereisabookonthedesk.桌子上有一本书。Thereissomewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有些水。(2)Thereare＋可数名词复数＋地点/时间状语。如：Therearesomeflowersinthevase.花瓶里有一些花。2．Therebe结构的否定式Therebe结构的否定式是在谓语动词后加“not”或“no”，表示“没有”之意。如果句中有some，变否定式时需将some变为any。如：Therearenotany/noflowersinthevase.花瓶里没有花。3．Therebe结构的疑问式(1)一般疑问句及其答语Therebe结构变成一般疑问句时，要把be动词提至there前，首字母大写，句末用问号。其肯定回答用“Yes，thereis/are.”；否定回答用“No，thereisn't/aren't.”。如：—Isthereacomputerinyourroom?你房间里有电脑吗？—Yes,thereis./—No,thereisn't.是的，有。/不，没有。(2)特殊疑问句及其回答①提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时，句型一律用：Whatis＋地点介词短语？(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。如：Therearesome_birdsinthetree.树上有许多鸟。→What'sinthetree？树上有什么？②提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时，用howmany，句型结构为：Howmany＋复数名词＋arethere＋其他？(主语无论是单数还是复数，be通常要用are)。如：Thereisacatunderthebed.床下有只猫。→Howmanycatsarethereunderthebed?床下有多少只猫？温馨提示：Therebe结构变为疑问句时，如果句中有some要将其改为any。考点二Therebe结构中be的确定1．Therebe结构中谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或可数名词单数时用is；是可数名词复数时用are。在一般过去时中，Therebe则相应地用therewas或therewere。如：Thereisaflowerinthebottle.瓶里有一枝花。2．若句子中有几个并列的主语，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，简称“就近原则”。如：Thereisaboyandtwogirlsinthehouse.房子里有一个男孩和两个女孩。考点三Therebe和have的辨析1．不同点两者从汉语意思上来看都表示“有”的意思。但是have(has)强调“拥有”，表示“某人或某物拥有”或“某人或某物本身具有”。如：Ihaveapen.我有一支钢笔。(钢笔归我所有)Doyouhaveasister？你有个妹妹吗？Therebe强调“存在”，表示“某人或某物在某处”或“某地有某人或某物”。如：Thereisapenonthedesk.在书桌上有支钢笔。(钢笔在书桌上，但不归书桌所有)Therearemanyapplesonthetree.在树上有许多苹果。2．相同点虽然结构不同，但有时也可表达相似的意思。如：Tomhastwobigapplesinhishands.＝TherearetwobigapplesinTom'shands.汤姆手里拿着两个大苹果。Theshophasmanynewshoesinit.＝Therearemanynewshoesintheshop.这家商店有许多新鞋。【例1】单项选择。()1.Thereissome________onthetable.A．penB．rulerC．moneyD．books()2.There________threepensandapencilinthepencilbox.A．isB．areC．haveD．has()3.—Isthereabookonthedesk?—________．A．Yes，itisB．Yes，thereisC．No，itisn'tD．No，isn'tthere☞思路点拨：考查Therebe结构的几种形式。第1题由is可知后面名词为可数名词单数或不可数名词，又由some可知，后面接不可数名词。第2题考查Therebe结构中谓语动词的就近原则，邻近名词为threepens，是复数形式，用be动词are。第3题考查therebe结构的回答，肯定回答为“Yes，thereis.”；否定回答为“No，thereisn't.”。【答案】1.C2.B3.B【例2】选出句中错误并改正。()ThereAaren'tBsomeCpicturesonDthewall.________☞思路点拨：在Therebe结构中，肯定句中用some，否定句和一般疑问句中用any，故C项有误，应将some改为any。【答案】Cany【例3】选词填空。thereistherearearethereistheretherewastherewere1．________notanypandasintheforest.2．________somethinginterestinginthebook?3．________anorangeonthetree.4．________ameetingyesterday.☞思路点拨：本题既考查Therebe结构中be动词的单复数和时态，又考查Therebe结构的肯定式、否定式和疑问式这三种形式。【答案】1.Thereare2.Isthere3.Thereis4.Therewas知识检测知识检测19Therebe结构(训练时间：40分钟分值：100分)一、用therebe的正确形式填空。(20分)1．Therearesomebooksonthedesk.2．Thereissometeainthecup.3．Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesonthetable.4．Therearesomesheepnearthehouse.5．—Isthereanycoffeeinthecup?—Yes,thereis.6．—__Are_there__anytreesinthepicture?—No,__there_aren't__．7．__There_is__notanybreadontheplate.8．__There_were__manybirdsinthetreeyesterdayafternoon.9．__Are_there__anyforeignteachersinyourschool?10．__There_is__somemoneyinmypocket.二、选择括号内正确的单词，用“√”画出来，使句意完整。(6分)1．There(is,are)sevendaysinaweek.2．There(is,isn't)anymilkinthebottle.3．There(are,is)nobooksontheshelf.4．There(is,was)anEnglishexaminourclassyesterday.5．Howmanydays(thereare,arethere)inayear?6．There(is,are)anappleandsomeorangesonthetable.√√√√√√三、单项选择。(10分)(C)1.________anexpensivepeninthepencilbox.A．TherewasB．TherewereC．ThereisD．Thereare(D)2.There________manytreesheretwoyearsago.A．wasB．isC．areD．were(D)3.Thereare________interestingbooksintheschoollibrary.A．anyB．aC．anD．some(A)4.Howmanydays________inaweek?A．arethereB．isthereC．haveD．werethere(A)5.There________somejuiceinthebottle.A．isB．areC．haveD．be(A)6.There________twobowlsofriceonthetable.A．areB．isC．haveD．has(B)7.There________twobooksandapenonthedesk.A．isB．areC．wasD．were(A)8.Therearen't_________treesnearthehouse.A．anyB．someC．noD．much(B)9.—Arethereanymapsonthewall?—________．A．TherearesomeB．Yes,thereareC．Yes,thereissomeD．No,thereare(C)10.There________alotofcarsinthepark.A．beB．isC．areD．am四、用therebe或have的适当形式完成句子。(10分)1．I__have__anewsweater.2．__There_are__noknivesintheroom.3．__There_is__adeskandsomeflowersintheroom.4．Howmuchpaper__do__you__have__？5．__Does__Rose__have__anyapples?五、按要求改写句子。(14分)1．Thereissomewaterinthebottle.(改为否定句)(1)Thereisn'tanywaterinthebottle.(2)Thereisnowaterinthebottle.2．Therearetwelvemonthsinayear.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)Aretheretwelvemonthsinayear?Yes,thereare．3．Thereisalakeinthepark.Therearemountainsinthepark.(合并成一句)Therearemountainsandalakeinthepark.4．Therearethreeforeignteachersinourschool.(对画线部分提问)Howmanyforeignteachersarethereinyourschool?5．Ihaveaclockonmydesk.(用Therebe句型改写句子)Thereisaclockonmydesk.六、选择正确的单词完成句子。(10分)1．__Is__(Have,Is)thereadoctorinyourschool?2．There__is__(are,is)ateacherandthreestudentsintheclassroom.3．Therearesome__flowers__(flowers,flower)inthegarden.4．There__aren't__(haven't,aren't)anychildreninthepark.5．Therearen't__any__(some,any)eggsinthefridge.七、连词成句。(10分)1．on,a,the,there,picture,nice,is,wall(.)__There_is_a_nice_picture_on_the_wall.__2．are,workers,there,in,many,factory,the(？)__Are_there_many_workers_in_the_factory？__3．cows,are