（新课标）2020高考英语二轮总复习 第一讲 语法填空 题型一 有提示词类 1.1.3 词性转换比较

第一讲语法填空题型一有提示词类第三节词性转换，比较等级以及名词的数，代词的格母题探究栏目导航题组集训限时训练[单句语法填空]1．(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000－25,000polarbearsworldwide.poorly【解题步骤】①分析句子结构→考查词性转化→副词修饰动词，即填副词。②句意：由于许多范围没有被研究透彻，很难统计出全球北极熊的数量。然而，生物学家计算出全球大约有20,000－25,000只北极熊。→谓语hasbeenstudied→副词修饰谓语动词。③尝试解答：poorly2．(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.【解题步骤】①分析句子结构→考查词性转化→形容词修饰名词，即填形容词。②句意：他们还与我们分享了极受游客青睐的有关夏威夷的许多传说。→所填词在名词前→形容词修饰名词，作定语。③尝试解答：traditionaltraditional3．(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.【解题步骤】①分析句子结构→考查词性转化→形容词interesting修饰名词，即填名词。②句意：当他们不工作的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，并让我们了解值得观看的有趣的比赛及其背后的故事。→所填词在形容词后→形容词修饰名词。③尝试解答：competitioncompetition4．(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.5．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannon­runners.6．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost(success)ofthesenewlines.finallylongersuccessful7．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe(introduce)ofelectric­poweredenginesandlifts.8．(2017·高考江苏卷改编)Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.Butalternative(explain)arehardtofind.9．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)Itmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers.10．(2017·高考全国新课标Ⅰ)However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.introductionexplanationsfairlycareful11．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher(educate)．12．(2017·高考浙江卷)ShethoughtIhadhurt(I)．13．(2017·高考浙江卷)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda(shine)object.14．(2017·高考浙江卷)Sixteenyears(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.educationmyselfshining/shineearlier15．(2016·高考浙江卷改编)Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.16．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop(attract)．17．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.especiallyattractionofficially18．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree­month­oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby(it)mother.19．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle­fed,theotheriswithmum.20.(fortunate),boththedriverswerebadlyhurtinthetrafficaccident.itsdaysUnfortunately□点石成金一、提示词为形容词或副词了解形容词和副词在句中所充当的句子成分和所处位置。常见形容词、副词在句中的位置和成分如下：1．形容词(定语)＋名词。colorfullights，dangeroussituation2．系动词＋形容词(表语)。…isfriendly,…soundsreasonable3．动词＋it＋形容词(宾补)＋todosth.Hefounditdifficulttocompletethetaskinjustaday.4．形容词单独使用(状语)。Hewenthome,tiredbuthappy.5．副词(状语)＋形容词。fairlygood,reallyenjoyable6．副词(状语)＋动词/动词＋副词(状语)。badlyhurt/Heranslowly.7．副词(状语)＋句子。Fortunately,hewasnotbadlyhurt.8．形容词/副词比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)用法。Thiscityisasniceasthatone.(原级比较，常用as…as…“与……一样……”)Heistallerthanhisfather.(比较级，常与than连用)Sheisthetallestinherclass.(最高级，常有比较范围in/of/among…)二、提示词为名词了解名词在句中所充当的句子成分和所处的位置。常见名词在句中的位置和成分如下：1．名词的词性转换(动词→名词→形容词→副词)。tradition→traditional,success→successful，act→action→active→actively2．名词所有格。theboy'sname,thetwins'parents,women'sclothes3．动词＋名词。reporttheirachievements,findsuccess4．形容词＋名词。someimportantdiscoveries5．名词＋名词。heartfailure注意：以下单词要注意主谓一致问题：①形式单数意义复数的词：people，fish，police等；②单复数同形的词：deer,fish,means,works(工厂)等；③形式复数意义单数的词：news,maths,physics,politics等。④“the＋形容词”表示一类人或事物：theold,theyoung,thedisabled,thepoor,therich等。三、提示词为代词代词种类众多，解题关键在于熟记各种代词及其用法。如果给定代词，要考虑代词的意思、种类、用法及其形式。1．人称代词的单复数。I→we2．人称代词主格与宾格转换。he→him3.人称代词与反身代词转换。me→myself4．人称代词与物主代词转换。she→her/hers四、提示词为数词数词考查常在基数词和序数词之间转换，以基数词变序数词最为常见。解题关键在于熟记基数词、序数词及其用法，尤其是first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等特殊序数词。TheYangtseRiveristhefirst(one)longestriverinChina.五、常考前缀1．表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis­，mis­，un­，il­，im­，in­，ir­，non­，anti­：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop，antithetic(对立的)2．形容词变动词的前缀en­：able→enable；large→enlarge，rich→enrich3．其他前缀inter­相互，over­超过；re­重新，ex­以前的，super­超，vice­副：interaction，overweight，reuse，ex­husband，supernatural，vice­chairman六、常考后缀1．形容词＋ly变成副词：real→really，angry→angrily，possible→possibly2．动词或名词变成形容词的后缀­able，­full，­ous，­y，­al，­ible，­ive，­ary：nature→natural，use→useful，continue→continuous，health→healthy3．动词变名词的后缀­al，­ance，­ence，­tion，­ssion，­ment，­ture，­y：arrive→arrival，appear→appearance，exist→existence，invite→invitation4．形容词变名词的后缀­cy，­dom，­ence，­th，­age，­ty，­ity：fluent→fluency，wise→wisdom，silent→silence，grow→growth，safe→safety5．表示人的后缀­er，­or，­ist，­ee，­ess，­ese，­an，­ian，­ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician,servant6．表示否定的后缀­less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless7．形容词变动词的后缀­en，­fy：broad→broaden，class→classify8．名词变动词的后缀­ize：apology→apologize七、转化法1．名词→动词：backn．背→vt.支持，seatn．座位→落座2．动词→名词：walk→takeawalk，survey→makeasurvey3．形容词→动词：slowadj.慢的→v.减慢八、合成法1．名词＋名词→名词：classroom，teamwork，newspaper2．形容词＋名词→名词：blackboard，highway3．副词＋名词→名词：overcoat，underground,outbreak4．副词＋动词→动词：updat