（新课标）2020高考英语二轮总复习 第五讲 完形填空 5.3 完形填空篇之议论文课件

第五讲完形填空第三节完形填空篇之议论文母题探究栏目导航题组集训限时训练分析近几年的高考试卷，我们不难看出高考完形填空题的体裁以记叙文为主，对议论文体裁的完形填空考查的可能性较小。但也有个别省份考查了议论文，如2014年全国卷Ⅰ、2014年广东卷、2015年广东卷、2015年福建卷、2015年重庆卷等。【命题特点】1．议论文一般开篇提出论点，或者导入式提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据一一地论证。有些议论文通过论据反复阐述，最后提出和总结论点。2．作者在写作时往往赋予了文章一定的感情色彩，语气和情感色彩的和谐会贯穿于全文。(2014·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常规)basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis__41__atworkinpeopleofall__42__.Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout__43__withtheirnewtoys.Buttheir__44__soonwearsoffandbyJanuarythose__45__toyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement.Theworldisfullof__46__stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone's__47__interest.Whenparentsbringhomeapet,theirchild__48__bathesitandbrushesitsfur.Withinashorttime,however,the__49__ofcaringfortheanimalishandedovertotheparents.Adolescentsenterhighschoolwithgreat__50__butaresoonlookingforwardto__51__.Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtocollege.Andthen,howmany__52__，whonowcomplain(抱怨)aboutthelongdrivestowork,__53__droveforhoursatatimewhentheyfirst__54__theirdriver'slicenses(执照)?Beforepeopleretire,theyusually__55__todoalotof__56__things,whichtheyneverhad__57__todowhileworking.But__58__afterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey__59__.And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearchingfornew__60__.41.A.principleB．habitC．wayD．power考查名词辨析。句意：我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则起作用。根据第一段第一句出现的短语“Asageneralrule”中的rule与principle呼应，可知答案。故选A。42.A.partiesB．racesC．countriesD．ages考查动名词辨析。各年龄段(ages)的人都会产生厌倦情绪。从下文可知，孩子厌倦玩具；少年厌倦高中；青年厌倦大学；成年人厌倦开很长时间车去上班；老年人厌倦退休后的生活。故选D。43.A.workingB．livingC．playingD．going考查名词辨析。孩子们一开始很喜欢玩(playing)他们的新玩具。故选C。44.A.confidenceB．interestC．anxietyD．sorrow考查名词辨析。但是，不久他们对新玩具的兴趣(interest)逐渐消失了。故选B。45.A.sameB．extraC．funnyD．expensive考查形容词辨析。同样的(same)玩具再也不能吸引孩子们了，他们就把那些玩具收了起来。故选A。46.A.well­organizedB．colorfully­printedC．newly­collectedD．half­filled考查形容词辨析。全是半满(half­filled)的集邮册和没有完工的模型。后面“unfinished”是关键信息。故选D。47.A.broadB．passingC．differentD．main考查动词辨析。很多人曾经喜欢某一件事情，结果半途而废。兴趣是短暂的，是会成为过去的(passing)。故选B。48.A.silentlyB．impatientlyC．gladlyD．worriedly考查副词辨析。句意：当父母带回家一只宠物时，他们的孩子高兴地(gladly)为它洗澡、刷毛。故选C。49.A.promiseB．burdenC．rightD．game考查名词辨析。句意：然而过不了多久，照顾动物的重担(burden)又被移交给了父母。故选B。50.A.courageB．calmnessC．confusionD．excitement考查名词辨析。句意：青少年带着极大的兴奋之情(excitement)进入高中。故选D。51.A.graduationB．independenceC．responsibilityD．success考查名词辨析。句意：但是，不久他们就开始盼望着毕业(graduation)。故选A。52.A.childrenB．studentsC．adultsD．retirees考查名词辨析。根据文意可知，抱怨每天开很长时间车去上班的人，应该是成年人(adults)。故选C。53.A.carefullyB．eagerlyC．nervouslyD．bravely考查副词辨析。句意：而当他们刚刚获得驾照时，他们曾经渴望(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly“渴望地”，符合文意。故选B。54.A.requiredB．obtainedC．noticedD．discovered考查动词辨析。obtain“得到”。这里指考取驾照(obtaintheirdriver'slicenses)。故选B。55.A.needB．learnC．startD．plan考查动词辨析。句意：在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。故选D。56.A.greatB．strangeC．difficultD．correct考查形容词辨析。句意：这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的美好的(great)事情。故选A。57.A.timeB．moneyC．skillsD．knowledge考查名词辨析。参见上题解析。他们上班时太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。故选A。58.A.onlyB．wellC．evenD．soon考查副词辨析。句意：但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。故选D。59.A.lostB．choseC．leftD．quit考查动词辨析。句意：那些消遣方式就像他们已离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。故选C。60.A.petsB．toysC．friendsD．colleagues考查名词辨析。句意：这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像孩子们一样，在圣诞节之后的一月份，开始寻找新玩具(toys)了。故选B。[语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。文章以小孩、青少年、成年人和退休的老人为例，论述了一个普遍的道理：任何形式的活动或玩耍的物品，如果人们经常做或经常玩，都会产生厌倦情绪。第一步：通读全文，从首(尾)句入手，抓住中心议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题。因此文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而最后通常为文章的结论。要注意掌握全文主旨，抓住每段的首句、尾句和主题句，理清文章的论点、论据和结论。第二步：综合考虑，逐项填空首先要把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的鲜明观点，而作者的观点即文章的论点。另外，还要注意段与段之间的逻辑关系。议论文的每一段往往就是一个论据，而论据间又是互为补充、相互联系的。第三步：复核全文，整体把握通读全文，检验是否每条论据都合情合理，都能强有力地支撑论点。A(2019·郑州一中高三摸底测试)Therequirementsforhighschoolgraduationhavejustchangedinmycommunity.Asaresult,allstudentsmust41sixtyhoursofservicelearning,42theywillnotreceiveadiploma.Servicelearningisacademiclearningthatalsohelpsthecommunity.43ofservicelearningincludecleaningupapollutedriver,workinginasoupkitchen,ortutoringastudent.44aserviceexperience,studentsmustkeepajournal(日志)andthenwritea45aboutwhattheyhavelearned.Supportersclaimthattherearemany46ofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly,studentsareforcedtothink47theirowninterestsandbecome__48__oftheneedsofothers.Studentsarealsoabletolearnreal­lifeskillsthat49responsibility,problem­solving,andworkingaspartofateam.50,_studentscanexplorepossiblecareers51servicelearning.Forexample,ifastudentwonderswhatteachingislike,heorshecanchoosetoworkinanelementaryschoolclassroomafewafternoonseachmonth.52therearemanybenefits,opponents53problemswiththenewrequirement.First,they54thatthemainreasonstudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime­consuming,studentsspend55timestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithout56goesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayanindividual'sfreedomtochoose.Inmyview,servicelearningisagreatwayto57tothecommunity,learnnewskills,andexploredifferentcareers.58,_Idon'tbelieveyoushouldforcepeopletohelpothers—the59tohelpmustcomefromtheheart.Ithinkthebest60isonethatgivesstudentschoices:astudentshouldbea