第四讲阅读理解七选五第一节段首句填空高考整体感知母题探究栏目导航题组集训限时训练·近3年考情分析文体文章特点2019说明文①题材贴近学生生活,内容与时俱进,涉及范围广泛。②文章词数在220到260之间,选项词数60左右。③七个选项中有完整的句子也有不完整的,且长短不一,通常由短到长排列。④设空位置可在:段首、段中或段尾。2018说明文2017说明文命题趋势:由上表可以看出:阅读填句即“阅读理解七选五”,这种题型的体裁以说明文为主,通过不同的设空位置来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。空格位置不同,其所起的作用也不同:段首题常为主旨句或承上启下句。段中题常根据例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系来判断。段尾题常为总结句或承上启下句。2019·高考全国新课标卷ⅠIsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair”.__36__Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.__37__Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlifegiving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).__38__Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情绪).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.__39__Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.__40__Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.36.E根据下一句中的“theanswerisabigYES”可知,该空应该是个一般疑问句,选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E:但是新鲜空气真的像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗?空前的peopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair”和选项中的“yourmotheralwayssaid”相呼应,故选E。37.A根据下一句“Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean…theairisfilledwithlifegiving,energizingoxygen.”可知,新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的、充满活力的氧气。下文中的“…breathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.”是对前文的递进:在户外运动时,更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知,该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用,根据常识可知,我们吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部,然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益,故该空应选A:新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。38.G根据下一句中提到的“theseplaces”可以推知,该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G项提到该类名词,故选G:在全国,康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。theseplaces就是指HealingGardens。39.C前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的积极作用:正在成长的绿色植物可以减轻压力,降低血压,使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用,仍然是提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处,空后的it也是指代这种情况。故C选项切题:身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。40.D根据本段的介绍可知,本段主要介绍了阳光可以帮助我们获得新鲜的空气,故选项D(呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光)可以概括本段的中心。[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处:新鲜空气中的氧气以及阳光对人们的身心健康有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系,建造“康复花园”,治疗病人了。[长难句分析]Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.(第二段最后一句)句意:如果你在户外锻炼,你的身体就会学会更深层的呼吸,允许更多的氧气到达你的肌肉和你的大脑。[分析]本句是一个主从复合句,If引导的是一个条件状语从句。allowing…是现在分词短语,在句中充当结果状语。这种题目一般是在每一段的第一句设题,这一句话往往是理解这一段的主要内容和回答问题的关键。如第40题就是一个考查主旨大意的题,该空是对所在段落内容的归纳。要求学生在理解全段的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法,对段落进行高度的概括或总结,属于高层次题。有段落标题的段首主题句题比较容易解答,主要参照小标题即可选出答案。如果没有段落标题,可参照标题推断题的解法,根据段落中所提供的事实细节,进行全面考虑,综合分析,找出共同表达的内容。通常最后一句往往是此段的结论性的观点。A(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?__1__,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.__2__,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.__3__.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.__4__.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.__5__.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou'relookingforC.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。在舒适的居住环境中,颜色起着举足轻重的作用。那么怎样才能使居所的颜色设计符合你的要求和特点呢?作者从三个层面给出了说明。1.B解析:根据空前Doyouwantaroom…及上文中短语“lookingfor”的提示和选项中该词组的复现可知答案为B。2.A解析:根据上文中“differenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint”及下文“theycangetalittlecomplex”的提示可知上下文为转折关系,故答案为A;while在句中表转折。3.D解析:根据第二段最后一句的提示可知:后面三段说明的顺序为“thesmallones,themediumones,andth