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第三讲阅读理解第五节推理判断(二)写作意图推断母题探究栏目导航题组集训限时训练(2019·高考天津卷)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheavenknowswhatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidselfpity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.55．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B．Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D．Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.55．写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己的成年生活充满意义。答案：A[语篇解读]本文是议论文。以《堂吉诃德》的作者塞万提斯的故事开篇，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，我们就可能获得成功。[长难句分析]I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.(第三段最后一句)句意：我指的是那些已经停止学习的人，因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点，这些都是随着时间的流逝而来。[分析]本句是一个主从复合句，句中who引导的是定语从句，修饰名词people;because引导原因状语从句；that引导的是一个定语从句，修饰名词attitudesandopinions。【方法点津】写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。此类题主要有两种解法：1．主旨推断法。写作目的包含在作者对为何要表达某个中心主题的阐述中，因此可以根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。2．文体推断法。根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告或议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或某种观点；说明文或新闻的目的是告知读者某些信息。写作意图推断题常见的命题形式有：Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthor?Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_____.Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat____.Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto______.Thewritertalksabout…inorderto_______.ATherearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappywhiletheotherbecomesunhappy.Thisdifferencearisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,eventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings,thepleasantpartsofaconversation,thewellprepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewine,thefineweather,forexample.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Therefore,theyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarks,theysour_the_pleasure_of_society，theyhurtotherpeople,andtheymakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation.Itgrowsintoabadhabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeoplehurtmanyothers;nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjections,noonewilldefendorexcusethem,andmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theseshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasing,withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontact(接触)withthem.Otherwise,itcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient,especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.1．Theunderlinedphrase“sourthepleasureofsociety”inParagraph2mostnearlymeans________.A．haveagoodtastewithsociallifeB．makeothersunhappyC．tendtoscold