（新课标）2020高考英语二轮总复习 第三讲 阅读理解 3.3 细节理解（三）转换理解类课件

第三讲阅读理解第三节细节理解(三)转换理解类母题探究栏目导航题组集训限时训练(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell­exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables'plays­well­with­othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump­startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence：statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior”．Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell­likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate－sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage，”hesaid.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.34．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment，”可知Dr.Prinstein's的研究发现：受人喜爱的人能够进行健康的调整。注意：选项B中的adaptable与原文第四段中的adjustment是近义词，相互呼应。答案：B[语篇解读]本文是说明文。介绍了社会心理学关于人气(popularity)的研究发现。研究发现受人欢迎的人有两种：一种是讨人喜欢的人，他们友善、开朗、喜欢分享；另一种是追求地位的人，他们耍酷、刻薄、具有攻击性，从而引导读者要拥有美好的性格。[长难句分析]Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage.(最后一段最后一句)句意：人缘好能创造出学习机会以及新的生活体验，这都有助于一个人获得优势。[分析]本句是一个主从复合句。句中beingliked是动名词的被动形式作主语，that引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词experiences。【技巧点拨】做转换类细节理解题时要注意：1.要通过不断地练习来进行有意识的培养定位能力；2.细节理解题通常是定位部分的变体或者重复，即意思相同但表达的方式会有所变化。3.切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解做出凭空想象的判断，要理解并尊重原文。转换类细节理解题中的语义转换题需要将原文的信息与选项或者题干的信息进行转换，两者在表达上有一定的差异，需要深加工后才能得出正确的信息。如本篇阅读中第34题B选项Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.与原文的中的likabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment的差异就需要深加工、理解后得出。转换类细节理解题中的数字计算题常会出现几个数字，要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。数字计算理解题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等简单计算。要先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确答案。AIsitpossiblethatthesinkingoftheTitanicwascausedbyaghost？Alotofthestorybelowistrue…butdiditreallyhappenquitelikethis?OurstorybeginsnotintheicycoldwatersoftheNorthAtlantic，butratherthousandsofmilesawayinEgypt.Itishere，perhaps，thatwecanfindthestartofthemysteryoftheTitanic，intheyear1910，inthegreatcityofCairo.Oneday，afamousprofessorofEgyptianhistorycalledDouglasMurraywasstayinginCairo，whenhewascontactedbyanAmericanadventurer.TheAmericanhadsomethingunusualtoofferMurray，somethingthatwascertaintothrillhim：abeautifulancientEgyptianmummycase，containingthemummyofanEgyptianqueen.Itwasover3,000yearsold，butinbeautifulcondition—gold，withbrightpaintingsonit.Murraywasdelightedwithboththeobjectandtheasking­price.Hegavethemanachequeimmediately.Thechequewasnevercashed.ThateveningtheAmericanadventurerdied.Forhispart，MurrayarrangedtohavethetreasuresentbacktoBritain.However，itwasnotlongbeforehelearntmoreaboutthebeautifulmummycase：Onthewallsofthetombinwhichithadbeendiscovered，thereweremessageswhichwarnedofterribleconsequencestoanyonewhobrokeintothetomb.Murraywasdisbelievingofthesewarningsuntilafewdayslater，whenagunhewasholdingexplodedinhishand，shatteringhisarm.Thearmhadtobecutoff.Aftertheaccident，Murraydecidedtoreturntohishomeland.Onthereturnjourney，twoofhiscompanionsdiedmysteriously，andtwoservantswhohadhandledthemummyalsopassedaway.Thenow­terrifiedMurraydecidedhewouldgetridofthecursedcaseassoonashearrivedinLondon.AladyheknewnamedJanetJonessaidshewouldlikeit，sohegaveittoher.Shortlyafterwards，Jones'motherdied，andsheherselfcaughtastrangedisease.Shetriedreturningthemummy，butnaturallyMurrayrefusedit.Intheend，itwaspresentedtotheBritishMuseum.Eveninthemuseum，themummyapparentlycontinuedtocausestrangeevents.Amuseumphotographerdiedshortlyaftertakingpicturesofthenewexhibit；andamanageralsodiedfornoapparentreason.Intheend，theBritishMuseumdecidedtogetridofthemummytoo.TheysoldittoacollectorinNewYork.AtthestartofApril1912，arrangementsforthetransferwerecomplete，andthemummybeganthejourneytoitsnewhome.ButtheNewYorkerneverreceivedthemummyoritscase.ForwhentheTitanicsank，oneoftheobjectsinitsstrong