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Unit5MusicSectionⅢGrammar——“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句1.Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert，atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic？2.Theymaystartasagroupofhighschoolstudents，forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone'shouseisthefirststeptofame.3.Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs，forwhichtheyarepaidincash.4.Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic，mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.例句1、3使用了“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词分别是__________和，指物，所以介词后的关系代词用。2.例句2使用了“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是______________________，指人，所以介词后的关系代词用。3.例句4使用了“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是_______，指物，所以介词后的关系代词用。aconcertperformanceswhichhighschoolstudentswhommusicwhich语法精要点拨一、基本用法当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，可以用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词为人时，用“介词＋whom”；如果先行词为物时，用“介词＋which”。who和that不能用于此结构。MyfatherworksinVolkswagen，inwhichtheworkersarewellpaid.我爸爸在大众汽车公司工作，那里的员工待遇优厚。(inwhich引导非限制性定语从句，which指物)TherecomesTom，forwhomIhavebeenwaitingforanhour.汤姆来了，我等他等了一个小时了。[即时训练1]用适当的关系代词填空①Themanwithyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.②Heboughtmanynewspapersandmagazinesonhespentalmostallhismoney.whichwhom二、介词的选择1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。Doyoustillrememberthedaysduringwhichweworkedtogether?你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。Thesocialproblemaboutwhichthetwosidesaredebatingwitheachotherisaveryseriousone.(debatewithsb.about...就……与某人展开辩论)双方正在展开辩论的社会问题是很严重的一个问题。3．根据句子的意思确定介词有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。Waterisofgreatimportance，withoutwhichpeoplecannotlive.水是很重要的，没有它人们就无法生存。Thisisthebookaboutwhichyouhavetalkedtome.这是你曾经给我谈起的那本书。ThisisthebookonthecoverofwhichthereisamapofChina.这是封面上有张中国地图的那本书。[即时训练2]用适当的介词填空①Hisbrother，whomIwenttothepark，tookalotofpicturesthere.②EnglishisoneofthemostinterestingsubjectswhichI'minterested.③Hebrokehisglasses，whichhecan'tseeanything.withoutwithin三、“介词＋关系代词”与关系副词的替换在定语从句中若先行词为时间名词，地点名词或reason，“介词＋关系代词(which)”可用相关的关系副词when，where，why等替换。Thereasonforwhich(＝why)herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.他拒绝邀请的理由还不清楚。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich(＝where)Iwasborn.我出生的那座城市发生了巨大变化。[即时训练3]句型转换①IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIsawtheUFO.→IoftenthinkofthemomentIsawtheUFO.②Thepolicesearchedthehouseinwhichthethiefhadstayed.→Thepolicesearchedthehousethethiefhadstayed.③Idon'tknowthereasonforwhichheperformedbadly.→Idon'tknowthereasonheperformedbadly.whyatwhichwhere四、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法1．“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句有时可用“whose＋名词”或“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”替换。Thebuilding，theroofofwhichwecanseefromhere，isahotel.＝Thebuilding，whoseroof/ofwhichtheroofwecanseefromhere，isahotel.那幢大楼是一个旅馆，从这儿我们可以看见它的屋顶。2．“名词/代词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构有时“介词＋关系代词”前会出现不定代词(all，both，none，neither，many，few，therest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall，mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我们班共有四十名学生，大多数来自大城市。3．“复杂介词＋关系代词”结构常用的复杂介词有becauseof，infrontof，asaresultof，atthebackof等。Hewasbadlyhurtintheaccident，becauseofwhichhedidn'tgotowork.他在事故中严重受伤。因此，他没去上班。[名师点津]介词不能提前的情况有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listento，lookat，dependon，lookfor，payattentionto，takecareof，lookafter，takepartin，callon，catchupwith，getalongwith，hearof，lookforwardto等。Thismustbethekeythatsheislookingfor.这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweheardof.我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。[即时训练4]完成句子①那位老人有3个儿子，他们都很关心他。Theoldmanhasthreesons，careabouthim.②他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。Theydoexperimentsinalab，_________________________________________________facesouth.③他们来到一座农舍，农舍前面坐着一个男孩。Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，sataboy.thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsallofwhominfrontofwhich随堂效果落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Fiftystudentstookpartinthefinalexam，onlyoneof______didn'tpasstheexam.2．Wehadameeting，thepurposeofwascompletelyunclear.3．Doyouknowtheladywithourmanageristalkingintheoffice?whomwhomwhich4．YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakewhichHangzhouisfamous.5．We'dbetterfixadatewhichwewillpracticespeakingEnglishnextweek.6．Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks，nearlyhalfwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.7．Thisisthereasonwhichhehasbeenremoved.8．ThisisthefarmonIstudiedtheinsectsthreeyearsago.foronofforwhich9．Hewrotealetterwhichheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.10．Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，whichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.afterinⅡ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成下列句子1．我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。I'llneverforgettheday．2．父亲给了我一些额外的钱，用这些钱我买了一些书。Myfathergavemesomeextramoney，______．withwhichIboughtsomeonwhichIjoinedthePartybooks3．他依赖于经常借钱给他的亲戚。Hereliesonhisrelatives．4．感谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。Thankyouforyourhelp，_______________________________________________ontime.5．我们不知道他突然生病的原因。Wedonotknowthereason．withoutwhichwecouldnothavefromwhomheoftenborrowedmoneyforwhichhesuddenlyfellillfinishedthework