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现在完成时的被动语态[新知导引]1．(教材原句P18)OvertimeI________________(change)quitealot.2．(教材原句P18)Sincethe1970smanynewapplications________________(find)forme.3．(教材原句P18)I________________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.4．Theink____________________fromtheclothes.5．________yourproblembeensolved?6．Howmanybuildings________________inyourschool?havebeenchangedhavebeenfoundhavebeenusedhasnotbeenremovedHaven'thavebeenbuilt[共性呈现]1．以上几句中的时态和语态是____________________。2．以上几句中第①②③句是该时态的____句式；第④句是___句式；第⑤句是________句式；第⑥句是________句式。现在完成时的被动语态肯定否定一般疑问特殊疑问[语法精释]一、结构肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？①Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.他已被挑选出来参加运动会。②Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。③Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?下次会议的日期已决定了吗？④Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了？[即时演练1]变换句子Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.(1)将上面的句子变为否定句。____________________________________________(2)将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。____________________________________________(3)将上面的句子对thechildren进行提问。____________________________________________Thechildrenhaven'tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.Havethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?Whohasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?二、用法1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经修好了。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。[名师点津]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already已经yet已经recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来ever曾经sofar迄今为止foralongtime很长一段时间bynow到现在为止inrecentyears在最近几年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里[即时演练2](1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子①Jack'sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.→Jack______________________byhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.②Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.→Agoodplace________________tobuildatempleinthevillage.③Wehaven'tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem.→Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem________________yet.hasalwaysbeenpraisedhasbeenfoundhasn'tbeendecided(2)补全句子①Iwillgohomewhenmyhomework________________.当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。②Papermoney______________foroveronethousandyears.纸币已被使用了1,000多年了。hasbeenfinishedhasbeenused三、注意事项1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunished(byhisboss)．2．带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany)．→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany)．[即时演练3]将下面句子变为被动语态(1)Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.→________________________________________________(2)Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years.→________________________________________________(3)Hehassentmeanemail.→________________________________________________→________________________________________________Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehillinthelast5years.Ihavebeensentanemail.Anemailhasbeensenttome.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theirnewhousehasbeen________(decorate)fortwomonthsandtheywillsettleinitinthenearfuture.2．Alltheathletes________________(select)frommillionsofpeoplealloverthecountryinthepasttwomonths.3．Anewlibraryinourschool___________(set)upsofarandtheywillbeputintouseverysoon.4．Agreatmanymachines________________(produce)bythefactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.5．Greatchanges________(take)placeinmyhometownandyoucanseethatalotoffactories___________(set)up.decoratedhavebeenselectedhasbeensethavebeenproducedhavetakenhavebeenset6．It'sthefirsttimethattheoldcomputer________________(check)sinceIboughtit.7．Sinceyourwork________________(finish),youcanhavearestnow.8．Morethan100famousfilms________________(show)inthecitysinceJuly.9．Tom'snovelhasnot________________(publish)．10．Threenewschools________________(open)inourcityinthepastfiveyears.hasbeencheckedhasbeenfinishedhavebeenshownbeenpublishedhavebeenopenedⅡ.语法与写作1．________________________________(男孩们已经被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn'tmakeanydifference.2．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTao________________________________(已经被复旦大学录取)forhistopscoreintheMathsContest.3．Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewmaterials_____________________(已经被发现)inthepastyears.4．Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholiday________________(没有确定)yet.TheboyshavebeentoldmanytimeshasbeenadmittedtoFudanUniversityhavebeendiscoveredhasnotbeendecided5．Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic________________(改变了)．6．People'shealth________________________(受到了很大的影响)byair,noiseandwater.hasbeenchangedhasbeengreatlyaffectedⅢ.语法填空Asastudentincollege,gettingyourfirstcar1.________(be)anexcitingevent.However,sincestudents2.________(general)donothaveanyexperienceinbuyingcars,it'sagoo