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Unit3ComputersSectionⅢGrammar——现在完成时的被动语态语境自主领悟先观察原句1.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.2．Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3．Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat，likeanelephant，IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!4．Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.5．Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromtheclothes.语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.例句1，3中的谓语是由“＋＋”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的形式，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。2．例句2，4中的谓语是由“＋＋”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的形式，表示一个被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。3．例句5中的谓语是由“＋＋＋”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的形式。否定havebeendone肯定havebeendone肯定havenotbeendone语法精要点拨一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成have/has＋been＋过去分词二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？Thecityhasbeensweptthroughbyheatwaverecently.最近热浪横扫了这座城市。Hisworkhasnotbeenfinished.他的工作尚未完成。Havethenewbookingsystemsforticketsbeenused?新的订票系统已在使用中了吗？Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了？[即时训练1]根据要求变换句子Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.①将上面的句子变为否定句。Thechildren__________________thegoodnews.②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。__________________________thegoodnews?③对上面的句子中的thechildren进行提问。________________thegoodnews?Whohasbeentoldhaven'tbeentoldHavethechildrenbeentold三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语sofar，bynow，uptillnow，before...等连用。Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished.工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)Thedoctorhasn'tbeensentforyet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)2．表示一个被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong...？句型中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youcangohomeassoonasyourtaskhasbeenfinished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。[即时训练2]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Inthelastfewyears，thousandsoffilms(produce)allovertheworld.②Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed，yetwecanfeelthetopic(change)．hasbeenchangedhavebeenproduced四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)2．非延续性动词如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.这项工作在两周前已经完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.这项工作已经完成。3．短语动词短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。4．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.→Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.5．带有双宾语的动词如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany)．→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany)．[即时训练3]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Thebridgenearthevillage(build)lastyear.②Nobooks(buy)sincelastweek.③Anemail(send)tomebynow.hasbeensentwasbuilthavebeenbought随堂效果落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thedictionaryisoutofdate：manywords(add)tothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.2．Morethan100famousfilms(show)inthecitysinceJuly.3．WhenIreachedthestation，thetickets(sell)out.4．Thiskindofcamera(sell)outsofar.hasbeensoldhavebeenaddedhavebeenshownhadbeensold5．Ourclassroom(clean)soyouneedn'tcleanitnow.6．Theseflowers(water)soyoucangohome.7．Whenyougetthepaperback，payspecialattentiontowhat______________(mark)．8．Thehouse(wash)awaybythestormyesterday.9．Thecomputer(repair)fortwodays.10．Howmanynewwords(learn)bythestudentsuptonow?havebeenlearnedhasbeencleanedhavebeenwateredhasbeenmarkedwaswashedhasbeenrepairedⅡ.用被动语态改写句子1．Thestormhascausedmillionsofpounds'worthofdamage.→2．Theyhaveaskedhimsomedifficultquestions.→Millionsofpounds'worthofdamagehasbeencausedbythestorm.Somedifficultquestionshavebeenaskedbythem.3．Tomhasgivenmetwoticketsforthenewplay.Wouldyouliketogowithme?→Wouldyouliketogowithme?4．Theyhaven'twateredtheflowersforseveraldays.→5．Ihavemadehimworkhard.→Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard.Ihavebeengiventwoticketsforthenewplay.Theflowershaven'tbeenwateredforseveraldays.