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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句[新知导引]在空格处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1．(教材原句P1)ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,________wasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.2．(教材原句P1)Theamber________wasselectedhadabeautifulyellowbrowncolourlikehoney.3．(教材原句P1)Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,________tookthecountry'sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.whichwhichwhich4．(教材原句P1)However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ，to________theamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.5．(教材原句P2)Later,CatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg________shespenthersummers.6．(教材原句P2)Thiswasatime________thetwocountrieswereatwar.7．(教材原句P5)Afactisanything________canbeproved.8．(教材原句P7)Ithinkhighlyofthose________aresearchingfortheAmberRoom.whomwherewhenthatwho[共性呈现]1．例句(1)(3)中含which引导的________定语从句；例句(2)中含which引导的________定语从句；在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有______。2．以上例句中含非限制性定语从句的有________；含限制性定语从句的有___________。非限制性限制性逗号(1)(3)(4)(2)(5)(6)(7)(8)[语法精释]一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1．限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as；关系副词有where,when,why。Thisisthecomputer(that/which)heboughtforhissonyesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。Thewomanwho/thatsurvivedtheearthquakeisAmy'sEnglishteacher.在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。2．非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。HeisEnglish,whichIknowfromhisaccent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。Iheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtmyheartintomymouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。[即时演练1]用适当的关系词填空(1)Holly,_______isfromAustralia,hasagoodcommandofChinese.(2)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_______helpsthemkeepfit.(3)Hisparentswouldn'tmarryhertoanyone_______familywaspoor.(4)Mr.GreensaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity_______hehadvisitedinChina.(5)Thiswasthereason_______hetookapartthemachine.whowhichwhosethatwhy二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较1．形式不同限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。Hereisthemanwhohasbeenpunishedbytheboss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)Theproject,whichlastedthreeyears,costnolessthan$1billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)2．先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)Thenovel,whichIreadlastnight,isveryinteresting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)Thenovelisveryinteresting,whichmakesmeveryexcited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)3．关系词的使用情况不同(1)that,why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用which代替that,forwhich代替why。Mostpeopledidn'tvoteforhim,whichdisappointedhim.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIchangedmymind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。(2)关系代词替代情况不同①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。Thisistheman(whom/who/that)wearetalkingabout.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)Theoldmanhavethreesons,whomheisproudof.这位老人有三个引以为豪的儿子。(非限制性定语从句)②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。Shehasayoungerbrother,whoisanEnglishteacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。Thisisagoodfilm(which/that)Isawafewdaysago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)Thesummerholiday,whichwe'relookingforwardto,isdrawingnear.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)(4)非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。SevenpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfirethatbrokeoutonFriday,fourofwhom(＝ofwhomfour)werebadlyinjured.七人被困在星期五发生的大火里，其中四人严重受伤。Ihaveboughttwopens,bothofwhichwritewell.我买了两只钢笔，写起来都好用。[即时演练2]补全句子(1)Hersister,____________________,willgoabroadnextyear.她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。(2)HereisMr.White,___________________________alongtime.这就是怀特先生，你等了很久的人。(3)Shehasfoundthenecklace________________________.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。(4)TheywenttoLondon,______________________________.他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了6个月的时间。whoteachesusEnglishwhomyou'vebeenwaitingfor(that)shelosttwoweeksagowheretheylivedforsixmonthsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Mr.GreensaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity________hehadvisitedinChina.2．Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.3．________isknowntousall,therarevasedatesbacktotheMingDynasty.4．Tomisawarmheartedperson,______iswillingtohelpothers.5．Heboughtmeavaluablebike,________isworthmorethan1,000yuan.thatwhenAswhowhich6．Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothof________workasdoctors.7．Istillrememberthesummerholiday________wemadeajourneytoBeijing.8．Thefamoussinger,________isfromBritain,hasanumberofdevotedfansinChina.9．Wehavegottothestage________theInternetplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife.10．Theway___________heworkedouttheproblemisworthconsidering.11．Theweatherturnedouttobeverycold,________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.whomwhenwhowherethat/inwhichwhich12．Icanrememberthedays________wespentinthecountrysidetogether.13．Hebrokethevaluablevase,________madehismotherupset.14．TherearealotofislandsinChina,thelargestof________isTaiwan.15．Thiswasthereason________hetookapartthemachine.16．Thisistheroom________mygrandmausedtolive.17．Thisistheroom________mygrandmausedtolivein.that/whichwhichwhichwhywherethat/which18．Theseappletrees________Iplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfr