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课前自学导引演练通关提升课堂合作探究特色重组练特色重组练六Ⅰ.阅读理解AThrowingaplasticspoonorforkintothetrashafterusingitonceisfashionable.InIndia,about120billionpiecesofplasticcutlery(餐具)endupinthegarbageeachyear.ButthatmaychangesoonthankstoNarayanaPeesapaty,thefounderofBakey's,whichtransformsordinarycutleryintodelicioustreats.Thecompany'sfirstproductisaspoon.Madeofsorghum(高粱),riceandwheatflour,thespoonhasashelflifeofuptothreeyearsandcanbeusedforbotheatingandservingfood.Thankstoitsprimaryingredientsorghum,thespoonisabletoresistanythingfromhotsoupstofrozendessertsforabout15－20minutes.Tastinglikesugar,thespoonsareadelicioustreat.However,eventhosewhodonotwishtoconsumethespoonwon'tfeelsorryaboutthrowingthemaway.That'sbecauseunlikeplasticspoons,Bakey'sspoonsdecompose(分解)within5－6days.Apartfromthis,Peesapatysaidthatthereasonforselectingsorghumwasthattheclimatesmarthardygrainrequiredfewernutrientsandwatertogrow.Asaresult,Bakey'sspoonsusefarfewerresourcesthanthemorepopularalternatives.Peesapatysaidthatashisproductbecamemorepopular,hehopedtoencouragemorefarmerstoswitchtogrowingsorghuminsteadofricewhichrequires60timestheamountofwater!Peesapaty,whohassoldover1.5millionspoonssincehestartedBakey'sin2011,hastwomainchallenges—bringingtheproductioncostsdownsothatthepriceofthespoonsisasaffordableasplasticspoonsandalsosettingupaninternationaldistributionsystemsothattheycanbemadeavailableglobally.Thecompanyalsohopestoexpandtheirofferingstoadditionalcutleryitemslikeforksandchopsticks.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。印度一家公司发明了可食用的餐具，人们可以在吃完饭后再把餐具吃掉。1．Whatcanwelearnabouttheediblespoonfromthepassage?A．Ithasbeenonsaleforalmosteightyears.B．Itcanresistanythingfor5－6minutes.C．Itcanbreakdownwithin15－20days.D．Ittastessourandspicy.答案：A细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，可食用餐具是在2011年上市的，到现在为止大约八年了。2．Sorghumischosenasthemainingredientforthespoonbecause________.A．itisstrongerB．itismoreenergysavingC．ittastesbetterD．itiseasytobreakdown答案：B细节理解题。由第四段前两句可知，高粱成为备选材料的原因是它更节约资源。3．What'sPeesapaty'sattitudetowardstheediblespoon?A．Satisfied.B．Suspected.C．Hopeful.D．Uncertain.答案：C推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Peesapaty想在全球推广这种可食用勺，并制造可食用叉子和筷子。由此可推知，他们对可食用勺的前景是充满希望的。4．Whatcanweinferaboutthecompanyfromthelastparagraph?A．Itsspoonshavebroughtingreatprofits.B．Thereisstillalongwaytogoforit.C．Itdeterminestomakeforksandchopsticks.D．Averagepeoplecan'tafforditsproducts.答案：B推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Peesapaty的公司依然面临着两大挑战，故此公司任重而道远。ingredientn.原料；要素resistv.抵抗；忍耐，忍住alternativen.供替代的选择第四段第三句：Peesapatysaidthatashisproductbecamemorepopular,hehopedtoencouragemorefarmerstoswitchtogrowingsorghuminsteadofricewhichrequires60timestheamountofwater!译文：Peesapaty说，随着他的产品越来越受欢迎，他希望鼓励更多的农民转向种植高粱，而不是种植需要60倍水量的大米！分析：这是一个复合句，said后面是that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中as引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词rice。60timestheamountof“60倍的……量”。B(2019·中央民族大学附中月考)Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity(长寿)?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神经质的)thanotherpeople.Longlivingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympathetic(同情的)andcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreselfdisciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebadtemperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother'spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn'tdestiny,andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn'tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究结果表明：长寿不只是与身体健康有关，而且与心理健康紧密相连，乐观开朗的性格促成健康长寿。5．TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis________.A．toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeB．tofindoutifone'slifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealthC．toseewhetherpeople'spersonalityaffectstheirlifespanD．toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句可知，该期刊的研究目的是要发现性格是否会影响一个人的寿命，故选C。6．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople?A．Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.B．Theyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.C