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二、过去式、过去分词、现在分词的构成规律1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义broadcastbroadcastbroadcast～广播，播放，播送burstburstburst～爆炸，突然发作costcostcost～花费cutcutcutcutting割，切hurthurthurt～受伤hithithithitting打，撞letletletletting让putputputputting放下readreadread～读ridridridridding使摆脱，使去掉setsetsetsetting安排，安置spreadspreadspread～展开，传播，涂spitspit/spatspit/spatspitting吐痰shutshutshutshutting关上，停止营业2．AAB动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义beatbeatbeaten～打败3．ABA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义becomebecamebecomebecoming变comecamecomecoming来runranrunrunning跑overcomeovercameovercomeovercoming克服，战胜，征服4．ABB(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d，t或ed构成过去式或过去分词以及一些特殊变化。动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned～燃烧dealdealtdealt～解决，处理，分配dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt～做梦hearheardheard～听见，听说hanghunghung～绞死，悬挂learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt～学习lightlit/lightedlit/lighted～点燃，照亮meanmeantmeant～意思是，意味着proveprovedproven/provedproving证明，证实shineshoneshoneshining使照耀，使发光showshowedshowed/shown～展示，给……看smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smelt～闻，嗅speedsped/speededsped/speeded～加速spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt～拼写wakewokewokenwaking醒来，叫醒，唤醒(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义buildbuiltbuilt～建筑bendbentbent～弯曲，屈服lendlentlent～借给rebuildrebuiltrebuilt～改建，重建sendsentsent～送spendspentspent～花费(3)原形→－ought→－ought动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义bringbroughtbrought～带来buyboughtbought～买fightfoughtfought～打架，战斗thinkthoughtthought～思考，想seeksoughtsought～寻找，追求，搜索(4)原形→－aught→－aught动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义catchcaughtcaught～捉，抓teachtaughttaught～教(5)变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义awakeawokeawokenawaking唤醒，唤起digdugdugdigging挖掘，搜寻feedfedfed～喂养，饲养fleefledfled～逃避，逃跑findfoundfound～发现，找到getgotgot/gottengetting得到holdheldheld～拥有，握住leadledled～引导，领导meetmetmet～遇见sitsatsatsitting坐shootshotshot～射击stickstuckstuck～刺入，粘住动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义strikestruckstruckstriking撞击，冲击，罢工winwonwonwinning赢，获胜(6)原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义feelfeltfelt～感到keepkeptkept～保持leaveleftleftleaving离开sleepsleptslept～睡觉sweepsweptswept～扫weepweptwept～哭泣，流泪(7)其他动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义laylaidlaid～下蛋，放置paypaidpaid～付款saysaidsaid～说，讲；表达standstoodstood～站understandunderstoodunderstood～明白loselostlostlosing失去havehadhadhaving有，持有makemademademaking制造，安排，构成sellsoldsold～卖telltoldtold～告诉retellretoldretold～重复，复述windwoundwound～缠绕，转动，迂回5．ABC(1)原形→过去式→原形＋(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义blowblewblown～吹风；刮；炸毁drivedrovedrivendriving驾驶drawdrewdrawn～画画，绘制；拖拽动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义eatateeaten～吃fallfellfallen～落下，跌倒forbidforbadeforbiddenforbidding禁止，不许givegavegivengiving给，提供；授予growgrewgrown～生长，种植forgiveforgaveforgivenforgiving原谅，饶恕knowknewknown～知道mistakemistookmistakenmistaking弄错；误解overeatoverateovereaten～(使)吃过量proveprovedproven/provedproving证明，试验taketooktakentaking拿，获得，接受throwthrewthrown～抛，扔，掷rideroderiddenriding骑；乘车seesawseen～看见；领会sewsewedsewn～缝制，缝合showshowedshowed/shown～展示，出示，说明shakeshookshakenshaking摇动，震动writewrotewrittenwriting写(2)原形→过去式→过去式＋(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义breakbrokebroken～打破，打碎choosechosechosenchoosing选择getgotgot/gottengetting得到hidehidhiddenhiding隐藏动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义forgetforgotforgottenforgetting忘记freezefrozefrozenfreezing冷冻，结冰speakspokespoken～说话，谈话；演讲stealstolestolen～偷窃，窃取，偷盗(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)[i→a→u]动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义beginbeganbegunbeginning开始drinkdrankdrunk～喝singsangsung～唱sinksanksunk～下沉，沉没swimswamswumswimming游泳ringrangrung～打电话；包围(4)其他动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义be(am，is,are)was/werebeen～是bearboreborne/born～承担，忍受dodiddone～做flyflewflown～飞行gowentgone～去lielay(lied)lain(lied)lying躺；位于(说谎)wearworeworn～穿bitebitbittenbiting咬teartoretorn～撕破注：“～”表示在动词原形后直接加－ing。本课结束