第二部分专项语法高效突破专项12非谓语动词非谓语动词在句子中不可以单独用作谓语,也不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、动名词和分词。高频考点精讲1.形容词语法功能1.动词不定式的构成:肯定结构:(to)+动词原形否定结构:not(+to)+动词原形2.动词不定式的用法考点1动词不定式功能说明例句主语不定式作主语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。表语多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。宾语只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜欢做什么运动?—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。宾补在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略toMymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。定语不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗?状语不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致I’msorrytotroubleyou.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。考点2动名词1.动名词的构成动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成。2.动名词的句法功能功能说明例句主语谓语动词用单数形式Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康有害。宾语动词宾语表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。介词宾语Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表语多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.他的爱好是集邮。定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室里。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。【注意】①英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语:口诀记忆:完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy);继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup);考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike);喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)②含有介词to的固定短语:lookforwardto期盼,盼望;prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……;beusedto...习惯于……。这些后面需要接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。3.一些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事remembertodosth.记住要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得曾做过某事(动作已发生)forgettodosth.忘记做某事(动作未发生)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(动作已发生)trytodosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.试着去做某事regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到遗憾,后悔(已做)4.一些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语补足语的区别常见动词跟动词不定式(不带to)跟现在分词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作表示动作正在进行着Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)考点3分词1.现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词:v.+ing过去分词:v.+ed(规则动词)2.分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行,有主动的含义;过去分词表示已经完成,有被动的含义Thecryingboyannoyedusalot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinit.这个故事很有趣。我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingfast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。Iwanttohavemyhaircut.我想要剪头发。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作,来对主语的主要动作加以修饰Igothome,feelingverytired.我疲惫地回到家里。十年真题全练近十年来,临沂中考对非谓语动词的考查形式以单项填空和动词应用两种题型为主,考查内容多以动词不定式的用法为主。在2018年临沂中考中,单项填空和动词应用中将会有1至3道题考查动词不定式的用法。考点1动词不定式1.[2017·临沂,22]Doctorsinthetownareusingthebooks____theirstudiesandtreatpatients.A.continueB.tocontinueC.continuingD.continues2.[2017·临沂,26]Cindy’sgrandmotherislearning____thenewmobilephone.A.useB.usesC.usedD.touseBD3.[2016·临沂,26]Thesepeopledressthemselvesinbloodysharksuits.Theytellpeople____sharkfinsinordertoprotectsharks.A.eatB.toeatC.noteatD.nottoeat4.[2015·临沂,23]Whathappenswhenyouhearastrangenoiseatnight,orfindabigspiderinthecornerofyourbedroom?Itoftenmakesus____.A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumpingD.jumped5.[2014·临沂,16]Mikewenttothelibrary____somebooksyesterday.A.borrowB.toborrowC.borrowsD.borrowedDAB6.[2013·临沂,31]Myparentsoftentellme____toomuchjunkfoodbecauseit’sbadformyhealth.A.noteatingB.nottoeatC.eatingD.toeat7.[2012·临沂,27]Chinaplanstolettourists____theXishaislandsintheSouthChinaSeathisyear.A.visitB.visitsC.visitingD.visited8.[2011·临沂,27]Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething____it.A.stopB.stoppedC.stoppingD.tostop9.[2009·临沂,33]Doctorstellpeople____theirhandsoftenandtostayhomeiftheyfeelill.A.towashB.washesC.washD.washingBADA考点2动名词10.[2017·临沂,23]WhenPresidentXiJinpinghassparetime,heenjoys____andsports.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading11.[2015·临沂,25]Thankstotherobots,thehumanreportersdonothavetospendalotoftime____numbersandinformation.A.processingB.toprocessC.processedD.processDA猜押预测单项填空1.TheSmithshavedecided____ahousenearthesea.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy2.Iboughtabigbox____booksforkidsinpoorareas.A.collectsB.tocollectC.collectD.collected3.Ourcountryencouragesmorestudents____football.Nowmanyfootballclubshavebeensetupinschools.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.willplayDBC4.Aftershefinished____thestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan____others.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp6.Myparentsdon’tallowme____late.A.stayupB.tostayupC.staysupD.stayingupDDB7.—It’sgettingdarknow.Whynotstop____home?—OK.Let’sgo.A.goB.goingC.togoD.goes8.MountXiaoleiisnotfarawayfromhere,butitwillstilltakeusafewhours____therebybike.A.gettingB.togetC.gotD.get9.Weadviseparents____theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.nottoleaveB.notleaveC.notleavingD.tonotleave10.Ourteacheroftenasksus____time.A.notwasteB.don’twasteC.nottowasteD.doesn’twasteCBAC