第二部分专项语法高效突破专项9动词的分类及动词短语高频考点精讲1.实义动词考点1动词的分类分类用法例词例句及物动词本身意义不完整,后面必须跟宾语意义才完整,常用于三种句型:(1)主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语;(2)主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语;(3)主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语need,want,have,teach,make等HereachedChinathedaybeforeyesterday.他前天到中国的。Theyaskedmetogoswimmingwiththem.他们让我和他们一起去游泳。Iwillreturnhimtheruler.我准备把尺子还给他。不及物动词意义完整,其后不必跟宾语;若跟宾语,则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用come,go,run,travel,listen,swim,live,work等Maryisswimming.玛丽正在游泳。Lookattheblackboard.看黑板。Ilikelisteningtomusic.我喜欢听音乐。2.连系动词连系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。分类例词例句be动词am,is,are,was,were等I’magirlwithshorthair.我是一个留着短发的女孩。感官类look,sound,smell,taste,feel等Hisplansoundsgood.他的计划听起来很好。Thefoodtastesgood.这种食物尝起来不错。变化类become,get,grow,go,turn等Mr.Black’sfaceturnedred.布莱克先生的脸变红了。状态类keep,stay,remain等Theshopstaysopentill8intheevening.商店一直营业到晚上8点。3.助动词助动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等特征,帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等结构。主要的助动词有be,do,have,shall,will等。分类用法例句beam/is/are+动词-ing形式→现在进行时;was/were+动词-ing形式→过去进行时;be+过去分词→被动语态Theboyisplayingbasketballnow.这个男孩现在在打篮球。ThestudentswerereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.当老师进来的时候,学生们在读英语。Chineseisspokenbymostofpeopleintheworld.世界上大多数人说汉语。do形式有do,does,did,用于构成疑问句和否定句,或用在动词前加强语气DoyoucomefromJapan?你来自日本吗?Hedoesn’tlikemusicatall.他根本不喜欢音乐。havehave/has+过去分词→现在完成时;had+过去分词→过去完成时;have/has+been+动词-ing形式→现在完成进行时Hehaslivedherefortenyears.他住在这里已经10年了。BythetimeIarrivedthebusstop,thebushadleft.当我到达汽车站的时候,汽车已经离开了。Wehavebeenstudyinginthisschoolforthreeyears.我们一直在这所学校学习了三年。will/shallwill/shall+动词原形→一般将来时;would/should+动词原形→过去将来时Shallwegofishingtomorrow?我们明天去钓鱼好吗?Youshouldliedownandrest.你应该躺下休息。4.情态动词分类含义用法例句can(could)能;会表示能力(=beableto)Tomcanswim.=Tomisabletoswim.汤姆会游泳。可以(疑问句中)表示请求CanIhelpyou?我能帮助你吗?Couldyougiveussomeadvice?你可以给我们一些建议吗?can可能;can’t不可能(否定句、疑问句中)表示可能性Canthenewsbetrue?这则消息是真的吗?Theboycan’tbeJim.He’smuchtaller.那个男孩不可能是吉姆,他高得多。考点2常见的动词辨析形状相同的动词辨析①lie与lay;②rise与raise意义相近的动词辨析①borrow,lend与keep;②speak,say,tell与talk;③hope与wish;④take,spend,cost与pay;⑤lookfor,find与findout;⑥listento与hear;⑦lookat与see;⑦get,arrive与reach;⑧answer与reply;⑨take,bring与carry形状不同,意义不同,但容易混淆的动词辨析①discover,invent与create;②win与beat;③puton与wear;④forget与leave考点3动词短语类型例词同一动词+不同介词/副词①puton穿上,增加(体重);putup举起,张贴,搭起;putoff推迟;putdown放下②giveout分发;giveup放弃;giveaway捐赠③comeupwith想出;comefrom来自;comeout出来,出版;cometrue实现④lookat看;lookup查询;lookafter照看;lookfor寻找⑤turnon打开;turnoff关掉;turnup调高(声音);turndown调低(声音);turninto变成不同动词+同一介词/副词①showup出现;takeup从事,开始;makeup编造;hurryup赶快;getup起床;setup建立;cleanup清扫;eatup吃光;cheerup(使)变得更高兴,振奋起来;pickup捡起②laughat嘲笑;pointat指着③putout熄灭;sellout卖光动词的固定搭配及组合takecareof照料,照顾;takepartin参加;payattentionto注意;catchupwith赶上;dependon依赖;getonwellwith与……相处得好;talkback顶嘴,反驳;makeawish许愿;do/tryone’sbest尽某人最大努力;makeone’sbed整理某人的床铺十年真题全练近十年来,动词的分类及动词短语是临沂中考的重点考查内容之一,几乎每年都考,考查的内容多以动词和动词短语词义辨析、情态动词和连系动词为主。命题形式以单项填空与选词填空为主;预计2018年,情态动词与动词或动词短语词义辨析仍然是考查重点,其次是连系动词,也要稍加关注。考点1动词的分类及词义辨析实义动词1.[2016·临沂,22]Beforestamps,peopledidn’t____fortheletterstheysent,butfortheletterstheyreceived.A.payB.costC.spendD.take2.[2014·临沂,23]It____abouteightminutesforsunlight(阳光)totravelfromthesuntotheearth.A.takesB.spendsC.costsD.paysAA3.[2012·临沂,29]It____MrGreenanhourtofixuphisbicycleyesterday.A.costB.paidC.spentD.took4.[2010·临沂,25]Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,peopleinJapanhaveto____fortheirtrash.A.costB.payC.spendD.take5.[2008·临沂,26]Ifyoudon’twantto____forplasticbagsinmostsupermarkets,you’llhavetobringyourownshoppingbag.A.spendB.takeC.payD.costDBC连系动词6.[2013·临沂,25]—DoyouknowthesongGangnamStyle?—Ofcourse.It____interesting.A.tastesB.smellsC.soundsD.feels情态动词7.[2017·临沂,20]Thelittleboyhasjusthadlunch.He____behungrynow.A.mustB.mustn’tC.canD.can’t8.[2016·临沂,20]Students____enjoythecolorfulschoollifeiftheystudyathomeinsteadofgoingtoschool.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.mustD.canCDB9.[2013·临沂,29]—MayIplaycomputergamesnow,Mom?—No.You____finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustB.canC.couldD.may10.[2012·临沂,26]Manystudentscomefrompoorfamiliesandthey____affordschoollunches,sothegovernmentistryingtohelpthem.A.needn’tB.shouldn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t11.[2011·临沂,30]Ifyouareinthezoo,remembernottotouchorgoneartheanimals.Althoughsomeoftheanimalsarecute,you____leavethemalone.A.mustB.willC.mayD.canACA12.[2009·临沂,27]—MustIanswerthisquestioninEnglish?—No,you____.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.shouldn’t13.[2008·临沂,21]—Look,Mr.Kingisswimminginthepool.—It____beMr.King.HehasgonetoKunmingonvacation.A.canB.can’tC.mustD.mustn’tBB考点2动词短语14.[2017·临沂,25]InmanyEasternEuropeancountries,youaresupposedto____yourglovesbeforeshakinghands.A.takeoffB.shoutoffC.cutoffD.putoff15.[2016·临沂,28]Pickupyourpenanddrawyourowninvention.Maybeitwillbe____arealproductoneday.A.turnedonB.turneddownC.turnedoffD.turnedinto16.[2015·临沂,28]AfatherintheUKhas____awonderfulideatosendhiskidstoschoolontime.Hetakeshissonstotheirschoolinawhitetank(坦克).A.lookeduptoB.madeupC.comeupwithD.shownupADC17.[2014·临沂,25]Whenyouareswimming,____yourears.Youcanuseearplugs(耳塞)tostopwatergettingintoyourears.A.takeafterB.takepartinC.takeoffD.takecareof18.[2013·临沂,30]TheOlympicGamesof2016will____inBrazil.A.takeafterB.takeoffC.takeplaceD.takeaway19.[2012·临沂,31]Ifyoulovewhatyouar