英语辩论必看-persuasive-speech

PersuasiveSpeechTableofContentsWhatisPersuasiveSpeech?ClassicalPersuasiveAppealsContemporaryPersuasiveAppealsAPlanforOrganizingPersuasiveSpeeches*WhatIsPersuasiveSpeech?PersuasionTheprocessofinfluencingattitudes,beliefs,values,andbehaviorPersuasivespeakingSpeechthatisintendedtoinfluencethebeliefs,attitudes,values,andactsofothers*WhatIsPersuasiveSpeech?Persuasivevs.InformativeThegoalofthepersuasivespeechistoinfluenceaudiencechoicesThesechoicesmayrangefromslightshiftsinopiniontowholesalechangesinbehaviorPersuasivespeechesseekaresponseAswithinformativespeeches,persuasivespeechesrespectaudiencechoices*WhatIsPersuasiveSpeech?PersuasivePurposesHowcanyoudeterminewhetheryourtopicandgoalsarepersuasive?youseektoinfluenceanaudience’sattitudesaboutanissueyouseektoinfluenceanaudience’sbeliefsorunderstandingaboutsomethingyouseektoinfluenceanaudience’sbehavioryouseektoreinforceanaudience’sexistingattitudes,beliefsorbehaviors*WhatIsPersuasiveSpeech?TheProcessofPersuasionWhenyouspeakpersuasively,youtrytoguidetheaudiencetoadoptaparticularattitude,belief,orbehaviorthatyoufavor*SeveralfactorsthatincreasetheoddsthatyoureffortsatpersuasionwillsucceedAmessageshouldmeetthepsychologicalneedsoftheaudienceSeekonlyminorchangesintheaudience’sattitudesEstablishacommongroundbetweenyourselfandtheaudienceLeaveyouraudiencefeelingsatisfiedandcompetentForchangetoendure,peoplemustbeconvincedtheywillberewardedinsomeway*ClassicalPersuasiveAppealsAccordingtoAristotle,persuasioncouldbebroughtaboutbythespeakersuseofthreemodesofrhetoricalproofRhetoricalproofThespeaker’suseofthreemodesofpersuasion:thenatureofthemessage,theaudience’sfeelings,andthepersonalityofthespeaker*ClassicalPersuasiveAppeals:LogosManypersuasivespeechesfocusonseriousissuesrequiringconsiderablethoughtLogosReferstopersuasiveappealsdirectedattheaudience’sreasoningonatopic*ClassicalPersuasiveAppeals:PathosPathosinvolvesanappealtoaudienceemotionPathosAsusedbyAristotleintermsofpersuasiveappeals,theaudience’sfeelings*ClassicalPersuasiveAppeals:EthosEthosAsusedbyAristotleintermsofpersuasiveappeals,basedonthenatureofthespeaker’smoralcharacterandpersonality*ContemporaryPersuasiveAppealsTheseapproachesincludeappealingtoaudienceneeds;audienceattitudes,values,andbehavior;theaudience’swaysofprocessingmessages;andthespeaker-audiencerelationship*ContemporaryPersuasiveAppeals:AppealstoAudienceNeedsAppealingtoaudienceneedsisoneofthemostcommonlyusedstrategiesformotivatingpeopleMaslow'sNeedsHierarchyMaslow’shierarchyofneedsAsetoffivebasicneedsrangingfromtheessentiallife-sustainingonestothelesscriticalself-improvementones*Physiologicalneedsincludeneedsforwater,foodandairSafetyneedsrelatetofeelingsofsecurityContemporaryPersuasiveAppeals:MotivatingtheAudienceSocialneedsrefertothedesireformeaningfulrelationshipswithothersSelf-EsteemneedsreflectourdesiretofeelgoodaboutourselvesSelf-Actualizationneedsrefertoreachingyourhighestpotential*ContemporaryPersuasiveAppeals:EstablishingCredibilityTherelationshipbetweenspeakerandaudienceisacrucialelementinplanninganddeliveringpersuasivespeechesCredibilityAudienceperceptionsofandattitudestowardthespeaker’sperceivedexpertise,trustworthiness,similaritytoaudiencemembers,andattractiveness*APlanforOrganizingPersuasiveSpeechesMotivatedsequenceAnorganizationalpatternforplanningandpresentingpersuasivespeechesthatinvolvesfivesteps:attention,need,satisfaction,visualization,andaction*APlanforOrganizingPersuasiveSpeeches:Step1:AttentionApersuasivespeechshouldbeginbygettingtheaudience’sattentionTheattentionstepaddressescoreconcernsoftheaudience,makingthespeechhighlyrelevanttothem*APlanforOrganizingPersuasiveSpeeches:Step2:NeedTheneedstepisolatesanddescribestheissuetobeaddressedinthepersuasivespeechIfyoucanshowtheaudiencethattheyhaveanimportantneedthatmustbesatisfied,theyhaveareasontolistentoyourpropositions*APlanforOrganizingPersuasiveSpeeches:Step3:SatisfactionThesatisfactionstepidentifiesthesolutionThisstepofferstheaudienceaproposaltoreinforceorchangetheirattitudes,beliefs,andvaluesregardingtheneedathand*APlanforOrganizingPersuasiveSpeeches:Step4:VisualizationThepurposeofthevisualizationstepistocarrytheaudiencebeyondacceptingthefeasibilityofyourproposaltoseeinghowitwillactuallybenefitthemThevisualizationstepinvokesneedsofself-esteemandself-actualization*APlanforOrganizingPersuasiveSpeeches:Step5:ActionTheactionstepinvolvesmakingadirectrequestoftheaudiencetoactaccordingtotheiracceptanceofthemessage*