（江苏专用）2020高考英语二轮复习 专题四 任务型阅读 二、不同题型的便捷解题路径——题型难易有别

二、不同题型的便捷解题路径——题型难易有别，定信息区间是关键(一)三种题型的能力要求(二)不能丢分的2个基础题型——信息查找题和信息转换题1．信息查找题信息查找题即原文词汇复现，属于最简单的基础题，要求考生能快速地在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是根据问题查找并准确定位信息。[典例1](2019·江苏高考节选)[1]Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.TheCostofThinkingIntroduction·Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo(71)__▲__ofhumanbeings.分析：characteristics根据题干中的“Largebrains...andtheabilitytowalkupright”可以确定命题区间为所节选段，然后可以直接找到答案characteristics。[典例2](2019·江苏高考节选)[3]Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.It'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(颅骨).It'sevenhardertoprovideenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2%－3%oftotalbodyweight,butitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest­timeenergy.Earlyhumanspaidfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchoffood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.·Theanimalbrainrequiresless(73)__▲__whenthebodyisatrest.分析：energy根据设题中的“whenthebodyisatrest”可以定位到节选段的第四句“Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2%－3%oftotalbodyweight,butitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.”，然后不难发现答案就是energy。[典例3](2018·江苏高考节选)[6]TeCoTheatricalProductionsInc.madeuseofBloomberg'sinvestmentofD|S35,000togetnearlyD|S400,000inpublicandprivatesectorsupportduringthetwo­yearperiod.Further,Dallasartsandarts­basedbusinessesproduceD|S298foreverydollarthecityspendsonartsprogrammingandfacilities.InPhiladelphia,ametroareasmallerthanDallas,theartshaveaneconomicimpactofalmostD|S3billionandsupport44,000jobs,80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry,includingaccountants,marketers,constructionworkers,hotelmanagers,printers,andotherkindsofartworkers.◆InPhiladelphiatheartshavecreatedabout35,000jobopportunitiesforworkers(78)__▲__artsindustry.分析：outside根据题干中的“InPhiladelphia”可以定位到节选段的第三句“InPhiladelphia,ametroareasmallerthanDallas,theartshaveaneconomicimpactofalmostD|S3billionandsupport44,000jobs,80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry...”，然后很容易确定答案为outside。2．信息转换题这类题型无法从原文中找到原词或完全一样的原句，这就需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语搭配和固定句型有关。(1)解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。(2)常见的转换方式词性转换句子结构转换同义词和反义词转换前缀和后缀转换另选其他词来释义[典例1](2019·江苏高考节选)[6]Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreatures.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat­eatinganimals.·Withalargebrain,humanbeings(79)__▲__otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.·Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained(80)__▲__ofmeat­eatinganimals.分析：79.beat根据节选段第二句“Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.”可知，人类成为地球上最强大的物种一定是击败了其他生物。(另选其他词来释义)80．fearful/afraid根据节选段的最后一句“Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat­eatinganimals.”可知答案。“livedinconstantfearof”替换成“remainedfearfulof”；infearof也可同义替换为afraid。(词性转换/同义词转换)[典例2](2017·江苏高考节选)[3]AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.Toguaranteeitseconomicgrowth,Chinaneedstodealwiththepopulationissueproperly,asitsworkersaregetting(75)__▲__.分析：old/older根据节选段第一句中的“AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina”可知，中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少，即劳动力老龄化。(反义词转换)[典例3](2017·江苏高考节选)[4]Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong­timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon'tbend,Russia'spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen'sbytheyear2050.The(76)__▲__deathofRussiansmayresultinashrinkingpopulation,whichwoulddamageitseconomicfuture.分析：earlier根据节选段中的“peopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961”可知，俄罗斯人的寿命比1961年短了许多，即很多人早逝。(同义句转换)附：信息转换常用词句1．belongtotheclub＝amember/oneofthemembersoftheclub2．objectto＝beopposedto＝oppose3．don'trespondto...＝makenoresponseto...＝saynothinginresponseto...4．accompanysb.＝keepsb.company5．accuse...of...＝charge...with...6．can'thelp/choosebutdo...＝havenoalternative/choicebuttodo...7．applyto...＝makeanapplicationto...8．anapproachtodoing＝awaytodo/ofdoing9．approveof＝subscribeto＝beinfavorof＝support10．bebeneficialto＝beofbenefitto＝benefit11．beboredwith＝betiredof＝befedupwith12．dosth.withcaution＝dosth.cautiously13．It'slikelyt