超越传统的国家安全战略

,,911,,,,;;;,(:100091)D815.5A1006-9550(2004)06-0032-05,,,,,,,,,,911,,,,21,,,,23[]A.,:,:,2001,16,,1988,,,,:PeterMangold,NationalSecurityandInternationalRelations,Rout2ledge,1990,p.2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,911,20029,,,,,,,2090,,,,,,;,2080,,,,90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2090,,,,,3320046TheWhiteHouse,TheNationalSecurityStrategyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,September2002.:,149[],:,:,1992,149,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,911,,,,,,,,;,,,,43[],:,:,2003,9AlexanderM.Haig,ContemporaryThoughtsonKoreaandtheMiddleEast,TheNationalInterest,August13,2003.AlexanderM.Haig,ContemporaryThoughtsonKoreaandtheMiddleEast,TheNationalInterest,August13,2003.:,:,1998,136SamuelP.Huntington,TheClashofCivilizationsandtheRemakingofWorldOrder,Simon&Schuster,1996,p.21.,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,:,,2500,1947,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19405:?:;,,,,,,,,,,,5320046:,53[],:,:,1978,75:,:,2002,52[],:,:,1994,70[],:,:,2002,340SamuelP.Huntington,TheClashofCivilizationsandtheRemakingofWorldOrder,pp.246-265.,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,:911,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[:2003-11-26][:2004-03-02][:]63,:ZbigniewBrzezins2ki,TheGrandChessboard:AmericanPrimacyandItsGeostrategicImperatives,Ba2sicBooks,1997,pp.87-122SusanStrange,Traitres,AgentsDoublesouChevaliersSecourables?LesDirigeantsdesEnterprisesTransnationales,SouslaDirectiondeMichelGi2rard,LesIndividusdanslaPolitiqueInternationale,Paris,Economica,1994,p.223.FrancisFukuyama,HasHistoryRestartedSinceSeptember11?The19thAnnualJohnBonythonLectureinMelbourne,8August,2002.JosephS.Nye,Jr.,U.S.PowerandStrategyafterIraq,ForeignAf2fairs,July/August2003.TheInternationalPoliticalOrderandWorldHegemonyCaoYongxin(26)Therealizationoftheidealofestablishingademocraticinternationalpoliticalorderandofeffectivelykeepingworldhegemonyincheckreliesonthedevelopmentofthreekindsoforder:anorderamongnation2statesbasedontherulesofsovereignty,aregionalintegratedorderbasedonregionalcooperation,andaworldwideorderbasedonaglobalgovernancemechanismofinternationalorganizationsandglobalinstitutions.Sinceeachorderhasnotfullydevelopeditselfandsomeevensufferfromseriousdefects,thereisacoexistenceofanationalsovereignty2orientedorderandaworld(orinternational)order,apro2realistorderandapro2idealistorder,andademocratic(egalitarian)orderandahegemonicorder.Thisalsoindicatesthatglobalmulti-polaritywillbemanifestednotonlyintermsofmulti2polarforces,butalsointermsoftheequalityandpluralityofculturesandvalues.However,thecommongroundininterestsandvalueswillstillincrease.Inthefuture,animprovedworldsystemandamaturenation2stateorderandahighlycohesiveregionalintegratedorderwillworktogethertoboostthebuildingofademocraticinternationalpoliticalorderandwillrestrictanyhegemonicorder.BeyondaTraditionalNationalSecurityStrategyTangYongsheng(32)SincetheendoftheColdWar,thesecurityproblemsthateverycountryisconfrontinghaveincreasedandbecomemorecomplicated.September11andsubsequentchangesinthesituationhaveintensifiedthistrend.Thenewrealityoftheworldposesnewchallengestotheplanningofanationalsecuritystrategy,callingforbothperpetuatingandtranscendingtraditionalsecuritystrategicthinking.Aneffectivesecuritystrategymuststrikeabeneficialbalancebetweenthetraditionalandnon2traditionalsecurityareasandestablishalinkagebetweenthetraditionalandnon2traditionalsecurityproblems.Therefore,themajorpowersintheworldshouldnotonlyavoidabusingtheirpower,butalsoexceedsimplemilitaryvictoriesorlosses,becausetheabsoluterulesgoverningwarnolongercompletelymeettheneedsofanationalsecuritystrategy.Withoutsocialprogressintherelevantcountriesandbroadandeffectiveinternationalcooperationandexcellentstrategicresourcefulness,itwillbeimpossibletoeliminatethetremendouslatentrisksintheinternationalsecurityarea.Non2TraditionalSecurityandtheConstructionofaSecurityCommunityLiuXinghua(37)Therapidexpansionofnon2traditionalsecurityproblemsattheglobalandparticularlyattheregionallevelscallsforanurgentsolution,suchthattheconstructionofasecuritycommunityshouldbeputontheagendatoeffectivelyandfeasiblysettleregionalsecurityproblems.Meanwhile,thespecialcharacteristicsofnon2traditionalsecurityandtheincreasingregionalcooperationhavebroughtaboutapositivetransformationintheroleofstateidentity,whichhelpsformacollectiveidentityand5No.6,2004WorldEconomicsandPolitics