跨国公司战略联盟的形成机制与管理研究

上海交通大学博士学位论文跨国公司战略联盟的形成机制与管理研究姓名：赵昌平申请学位级别：博士专业：企业管理指导教师：王方华20030624IR&D50II3456bbIIIIVRESEARCHONTHEFORMATIONMECHANISMOFSTRATEGICALLIANCEAMONGINTERNATIONALCOMPANIESANDMANAGEMENTOFSTRATEGICALLIANCEAMONGINTERNATIONALCOMPANIESABSTRACTAlongwiththegreatchangesinthemarketconfrontedbyinternationalcompanies,economicglobalizationisbecomingatrend.Inaddition,astheinformationtechnologydevelopsrapidly,manyinternationalcompaniesgraduallyrecognizethattosurviveanddevelopinthefiercecompetitivemarketcan’tbeachievedsolelywiththeirownresources.Inthebrutalcompetition,thereisnorealwinner.Underthepressuretocompete,internationalcompaniesstarttochangetheirwayofthinkingtofindawin-winsolution.Toachievethis,andalsoforthepurposeofstrengtheningtheircompetitivestrengthtosurvivetherapidlychangingenvironment,amajorityofinternationalcompaniesselectthemodeofstrategicalliance.By“strategicallianceamonginternationalcompanies”,itmeansthataninternationalcompanywhohasbranchesintwoormorecountries,setsuplong-termcooperationrelationswithanotherormoreinternationalcompaniesintermsofcontractofnon-contractagreement,whichmightbethewarrant,jointventure,R&Dalliance,customeralliance,multi-lateraltradeagreement,cooperativemarketing,etc.Itsaimsaretoenterintootherglobalmarkets,decreasetherisks,acquirenewknowledge,wincompetitiveadvantages,andpreventexcessivecompetition,etc.,uponanin-depthanalysisofitsownstrategy.Thispaperusesmethodsofbothqualitativeanalysisandquantitativemodeltoexploretheformationmechanismofthestrategicallianceamonginternationalcompanies.Thecontentandstructureofthisresearchpaperisasfollows:twomutuallyinteractivefactorsofcompetitionandcooperation,themotives,mechanismandfactorsandprocessintheformationofthestrategicallianceamonginternationalcompanies,themanagementofthestrategicallianceamonginternationalcompanies,andtheinternationalalliancemanagementforChineseenterprises.Thispaperconsistsof8chapters:Chapter1discussedthemeaningoftheproject,andgavetheresearchmethodsandstructureonthebasisofageneralintroductionoftheresearchresultsinthisareahomeandabroad.Chapter2introducedthetheoreticalfoundationoftheformationofthestrategicallianceamonginternationalcompanies.Itusedexchangecosttheory,valuechaintheory,resource-basedtheoryandcorecompetencetheory,andtheresource-reliedtheory,strategicselectiontheory,theoryofrelevantbenefitholders,organizationallearningtheoryandsocialpressuretheory.Italsoanalyzedthevalueofthesetheoriestowardstheresearchoftheformationmechanismofthestrategicalliance.Chapter3studiedthemotiveoftheformationofthestrategicallianceamonginternationalcompanies.Theanalysishastwoaspects:staticanddynamic.Thestaticaspectincludes:theglobalizationoftheeconomicfinancesystemleadstotheglobalizationofthebusinessmarket;Vdevelopmentoftheinformationtechnologyleadstothespeedingofthemanagementinformationflow;theemergenceandexistenceofvarioustypesofnon-tariffbarriers,theexistenceofdistrictadvantages;therelevancyoftheenterprisevaluechain;thecompensatoryeffectofresources;thecoordinationeffectamonginternationalcompanies;thereductionofriskforinternationalcompanies’globaloperation;society’scapitalutilization;learningeffect;increaseofmarketcreativeness.Thedynamicaspectmainlyis:usingforthefirsttimethehistorical,evolutional,sophisticatedanddynamicwayofthinkingtoanalyzethemotivationintheformationofthestrategicallianceamonginternationalcompanies.Inhumansocietyoreveninthenature,competitionandcooperationarealwaysthepowerfortheirevolution.Theytogetherdrivetheevolutionofhumansociety,andtheevolutionanddevelopmentofthestrategicallianceaswell.Inthehistoryofthealliance’evolution,itcameacrossthestagesliketheearliermodedevelopedforreducingtherisks,themodeinthe1950ssetupforthepurposeofexpandingscaleofmanufacturing,enteringintonewmarketandreducingbusinessrisksetc.,themodeinthe1980swhichisforgainingnewresourcesandnewlearningopportunities,distributingrisksandreducingproblemswiththeantitrustauthorities,therisk-reducing,coordinationalandintegratedmodeinthe1990sandthemodeinformofcore-competencebasednetworkinthelate1990s.Themotivationintheformationofthestrategicallianceismainlydynamicandprogressing.Indifferenthistoricstages,somefactorsarecritical,othersarejustsupporting.Additionally,itisbelievedthatthehistoricalevolutionintheformationprocessofthestrategicallianceamonginternationalcompaniesiscloselyconnectedtothechangesofcompetitiveadvantages.Sincethemostcriticalfactorincompetitiveadvantageischanging,themotivationintheformationofthestrategicallianceischangingaccordingly.Sincetheformationoftheorganizationtypeasstrategicalliance,wecanfindoutaevolutionchain–firstlythealliancetypemechanicallyguidedbythescaleeconomyanddistricteconomy;secondlythetypethattendstodointernalintegrationinformofjointstocksharing;Thentheallianceformedbyagreementorjointstocksharingwhenthecorecompetenceisthesourceofcompetitiveadvantage.Fromtheangleofstrategicalliance’sevolution,itisexperiencingchangesfrommechanicalonetoorganicone.Themotiveintheformationofanystrategicalliancesistofitinthechangingenvironment.Forthispurpose,itiscon