专题十被动语态2019全新版•分析广东近6年中考真题可知,被动语态是必考点之一(共1~2.5分),主要在单项填空中考查三种时态的被动语态:一般现在时的被动语态(2015年)、一般过去时的被动语态(2018年,2017年,2016年,2013年)和一般将来时的被动语态(2014年);在短文填空中考查盲填(2018年,2014年)。目录CONTENTS考点精讲易错盘点解题技巧试题精练•1.概述•英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来,只有及物动词才有被动语态。如:考点精讲考点被动语态的基础知识【该部分内容在中考题中虽然不会直接考查,但也需要了解】•Tombrokethewindow.汤姆打碎了窗户。(主动语态)•Thewindowwasbroken.这扇窗户被打碎了。(被动语态)•2.构成•被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词形式不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。•3.用法•在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于以下几种情况:•(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:Thebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.这座建筑物是十年前建造的。•(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:Theseflowersarewateredeveryday.这些花每天都被浇水。•(3)动作的发出者不是人。如:Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。•(4)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时,用“by+动作执行者”。如:•Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。•(5)做客观说明时,常采用被动语态句型:Itis/wassaid/reported+that...“据说/据报道……”。如:•It'sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake.据报道,在这次地震中差不多有三百人遇难。•4.主动形式表被动意义:•(1)系动词如look,sound,smell,taste等用主动形式表被动含义。如:•Thefishtastesverygood.鱼肉尝起来很好吃。•(2)一些动词,如read,write,drive,sell,open,eat,drink等作不及物动词且常和一些修饰语连用,表示主语的某种属性特征,这些动词用主动形式。如:•①Thecomputersellswell.这种电脑卖得很好。•②Thesweaterwasheseasily.这件毛衣很容易洗。•(3)在某些固定搭配中,现在分词形式也可表被动意义。•①beworthdoing中,doing表示被动意义。如:Themovieisworthwatching.这部电影值得一看。•②need/require+doing=need/require+tobedone,tobedone是不定式的被动结构。如:•Yourcarneedswashing.=Yourcarneedstobewashed.你的汽车该洗了。•拓展在主动语态中省略“to”的动词不定式,在被动语态中要加“to”。常见的有感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等,以及使役动词let,make,have。如:Iheardthegirlsinginthenextroom.(变为被动语态)→Thegirlwasheardtosinginthenextroom.•构成:主语+am/is/are+done。如:Myroomiscleanedeveryday.我的房间每天都被打扫。(肯定句)•→Myroomisn'tcleanedeveryday.(否定句,在am/is/are后加not)•→Isyourroomcleanedeveryday?(一般疑问句,把am/is/are提到句首)考点一般现在时的被动语态(6年1考)•()1.(2015广东)—HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?•—Yes.It______everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.•A.isplayedB.plays•C.wasplayedD.playedA•()2.(2018东莞市六校联考二模)—Excuseme,sir.Smoking______inthegasstation.•—Oh,I'mterriblysorry.•A.doesn'tallowB.isallowed•C.aren'tallowedD.isn'tallowed•()3.Inourdailylife,Wi-Fi______everywhereanditisveryconvenientforustosurfontheInternet.•A.usedB.uses•C.willbeusedD.isusedDD•构成:主语+was/were+done。如:•Johnwaspunishedbyhisparentsyesterday.约翰昨天被他的父母惩罚了。(肯定句)•→Johnwasn'tpunishedbyhisparentsyesterday.(否定句,在was/were后加not)•→WasJohnpunishedbyhisparentsyesterday?(一般疑问句,把was/were提到句首)考点一般过去时的被动语态(6年6考)•()4.(2018广东)ManyshopsinChina______toshutdownasanewlawagainstivory(象牙)tradecameintoeffectonJanuary1st,2018.•A.orderedB.didn'torder•C.wereorderedD.weren'tordered•()5.(2017广东)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparking______forthehotelguests.•A.providesB.provided•C.willbeprovidedD.wasprovidedCD•()6.(2016广东)HeJiang______togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.•A.invitesB.invited•C.isinvitedD.wasinvited•()7.(2013广东)It______lastweekthatthehaze(雾霾)inBeijingcausedmanyproblems.•A.reportsB.reported•C.isreportedD.wasreportedDD•()8.(2018惠州市惠城区一模)Thecinema______afewyearsago.Butnowfewpeoplegotowatchmoviesthere.•A.buildsB.isbuilt•C.wasbuiltD.built•()9.(2018中山市卓雅外国语学校二模)Aconcert______toraisemoneyforthedisabledlastmonth.•A.isheldB.washeld•C.willholdD.mayholdCB•构成:主语+willbedone;主语+am/is/aregoingto+bedone。如:•(1)Thesetreeswillbeplantedtomorrow.这些树明天将被种植。•→Thesetreeswon'tbeplantedtomorrow.(否定句,在will后加not)•→Willthesetreesbeplantedtomorrow?(一般疑问句,把will提到句首)考点一般将来时的被动语态(6年1考)•(2)Themeetingisgoingtobeheldnextweek.会议将于下周召开。•→Themeetingisn'tgoingtobeheldnextweek.(否定句,在am/is/are后加not)•→Isthemeetinggoingtobeheldnextweek?(一般疑问句,把am/is/are提到句首)•()10.(2014广东)AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingformonths,Idobelieveit______somedayinthefuture.•A.willfindB.won'tfind•C.willbefoundD.won'tbefound•()11.Theinternationalmeeting______inHainaninafewweeks'time.•A.holdB.isheld•C.willholdD.willbeheldCD•()12.—Allfood______tostudentsforfreeinourdininghallontheSchoolCelebrationDay.•—Great!Ican'twait.•A.offerB.willoffer•C.areofferedD.willbeofferedD•注意该结构表被动,相当于want/need/require+tobedone。•()13.Thefloorisdirty.Itneeds______.•A.washingB.washed•C.bewashedD.beingwashed易错盘点易错点want/need/require+doingA•注意make,see,watch,hear,feel等使役动词和感官动词。•()14.Ifyouseethecomedy,youwill______laugh.•A.bemadeB.bemadeto•C.maketoD.make易错点省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时要加toB•做关于被动语态的相关题时,首先要确定主语是谓语动词的执行者还是承受者,这样才能判断出句子的语态。•例(2018天津)DrBethune______still______inbothChinaandCanadatoday.•A.is;rememberedB.is;remembering•C.will;rememberD.has;remembered解题技巧技巧判断动作的执行者或承受者A•方法点拨第①步:先分析句意“如今在中国和加拿大,白求恩医生仍然……”。第②步:根据句意和选项可知主语DrBethune和谓语动词remember之间是动宾关系,故答案为A。•被动语态的使用离不开时态,做题时要根据句中的时间状语或语境来分析使用哪种时态。•例(2018盐城)Alotofnewroads______inordertodevelopthevillagesinthenextfiveyears.•A.builtB.werebuilt•C.willbuildD.willbebuilt技巧时态判断法D•方法点拨第①步:先分析句意“为了村庄的发展,五年后很多新的道路……”。第②步:根据句意和选项可知主语newroads和谓语动词build之间是动宾关系,又由inthenextfiveyears可知用一般将来时,故答案为D。谢谢观看Exit