查尔斯狄更斯的个人简介

ThegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealismCharlesDickens（1812-1870）19世纪是英国自第一次工业革命后的巅峰时期，因为当时英国女皇是维多利亚，所以当时也叫维多利亚时代。英国国力鼎盛，四海升平，海外殖民地是本土面积的100多倍，美誉为日不落帝国。英国小说也步入了繁荣昌盛的时代。MajorWorks●BleakHouse●HardTimes●LittleDorrit●ATaleofTwoCities●GreatExpectations●OurMutualFriend●OliverTwist●荒凉山庄●艰难时世●小杜丽●双城记●远大前程●我们共同的朋友●雾都孤儿PlotofOliverTwist•Oliver’sbirth：ofunknownparentage•mistreatedbyBumble,theparishpeople•InLondon,hefallsintothehandsofagangthieves.•RescuedbyMr.Brownlow•Kidnappedbythethieves•Woundedinaburgling，rescuedbyMrs.MaylieandRose.•AdoptedbyMr.Brownlow。Ahappyending。Characteristicsofthenovel•ThenovelexposestheinhumanityofcitylifeinLondon.•Itshowstheextremecrueltyandcorruptionthehelplesssufferningsofthepoor.•Oliveristheonlyonewhobecomeshappyandsuccessfulintheend.•ThehappyendingcomesasaresultofDickens’soptimisticbeliefinthetriumphofgoodoverevil.狄更斯作品的思想内容•对维多利亚时代英国资本主义社会的批判•对伦理道德的提倡和弘扬•对人性的广泛而深入的探索•狄更斯的人道主义思想：努力企求人的本性的复归以及人们之间的和谐关系，因而对资本主义社会使人性“异化”表现出强烈的抗议，对善良贫困的妇女，儿童及社会底层人民抱有极大的同情。•Hisachievementwasinfactinpresentingtheunderworldandproblemsofpovertytothewell-offinawayrarelyattemptedpreviously.●●LifeExperience●MajorWorks●DistinctFeaturesofHisNovelsHisLifeExperience●DickenswasbornonFebruary7,1812,inPortsmouthandspentmostofhischildhoodinLondonandKent,bothofwhichappearfrequentlyinhisnovels.●Hisfather,apoorclerkintheNavyPayoffice,wasputintoprisonfordebtwhenyoungCharleswasonly12yearsold.Hehadtogiveupschoolingtoworkinaundergroundcellar.●HisbitterexperiencewasreflectedinmanyofDicken’snovels.●In1827,Charlesenteredinalaywer'soffice,andtwoyear’slater,hebecomeaParliamentaryreporterfornewspapers.From1833,DickensbegantowriteoccasionalsketchesofLondonlife,whichwerelatercollectedandpublishedunderthetitleSketchesbyBoz.TheFirstPeriod●In1836-1841,periodofyouthfuloptimist;fun,highspirit,naïveoptimism.●Atthisstage,Dickensbelievedthatalltheevilsofthecapitalistworldwouldberemediedifonlymentreatedeachotherwithkindliness,justice,andsympatheticunderstanding.●Dickensthoughtthatthewholesocialquestionwouldbesolvedifonlyeveryemployerreformedhimselfaccordingtothemodelsetbythebenevolentgentlemeninhisnovels.Thisnativeoptimismischaracteristicofthepretty-bourgeoishumanitariansofthetime.MajorWorks●SketchesbyBoz(Thefirstbook)●ThePickwickPapers●OliverTwist●NichoisNickleby●TheOldCuriosityShop●BarnabyRudgePlotofOliverTwist•Oliver’sbirth：ofunknownparentage•MaltreatedbyBumble,theparishpeople•InLondon,hefallsintothehandsofagangthieves.•RescuedbyMr.Brownlow•Kidnappedbythethieves•Woundedinaburglingexpedition，rescuedbyMrs.MaylieandRose.•AdoptedbyMr.Brownlow。Ahappyending。Characteristicsofthenovel•Thenovelexposestheinhumanityofcitylifeundercapitalism.•Itshowstheextremebrutalityandcorruptionoftheoppressorsandtheiragentsandthehelplesssufferningsofthepoorandoppressed。•Oliveristheonlyonewhoemergeshappyandsuccessfulintheend.•ThehappyendingcomesasaresultofDickens’soptimisticbeliefintheinevitabletriumphofgoodoverevil.•Hisachievementwasinfactinpresentingtheunderworldandproblemsofpovertytothewell-offinawayrarelyattemptedpreviously.●TheSecondPeriod●1842-1850,Periodofexcitement,irritationandfrustration:exposingthecorruptinginfluenceofwealthandpower,optimismturnedintodissatisfactionandirritation.●Dickenssecondperiodbeganfrom1842,theyearafterhisfirstvisittoAmerica.Beforethevisit,DickensthoughtoftheUnitedStatesasaworldinwhichtherewerenoclassdivisionsandhumanrelationswerehumanitarian.Butwhatimpressedhimmostduringhisvisittherewastheruleofthedollarandtheenormouslycorruptiveinfluenceofwealthandpower.Dickens’snaïveoptimismtowardthecapitalistsocietywasprofoundlyshaken.MajorWorks●AmericanNotes●MartinChuzzlewit●AChristmasCarol●TheChimes●TheCricketontheHearth●DombeyandSon●DavidCopperfieldSomeonewhoiskindtootherswillbepaidwithkindnessandevilwillnot.•ThestorydealswiththelifeofDavidCopperfieldfromchildhoodtomaturity.•DavidisborninEnglandinabout1820.•David’sfatherhaddiedsixmonthsbeforehewasborn,andsevenyearslater,hismothermarriesMr.EdwardMurdstone.DaviddislikeshisstepfatherandhassimilarfeelingsforMr.Murdstone’ssisterJane,whomovesintothehousesoonafterwards.Mr.MurdstonethrashesDavidforfailingbehindwithhisstudies.Followingoneofthesethrashings,Davidbiteshimandissentawaytoaboardingschool,SalemHouse,witharuthlessheadmaster,Mr.Creakle.HerehebefriendsJamesSteerforth.•DavidreturnshomefortheholidaystofindoutthathismotherhashadababydieandDavidhastoreturnhomeimmediately.Mr.MurdstonesendshimtoworkinafactoryinLondon,ofwhichMurdstoneisajointowner.Thegrimrealityofhand-to-mouthfactoryexistenceechoesDickens’owntravailsinablackingfactory.Hislandlord,Mr.WilkinsMicawber,issenttoadebtor’sprisonaftergoingbankrupt,andisthereforseveralmonthsbeforebeingreleasedandmovingtoPlymouth.DavidnowhasnobodylefttocareforhiminLondon,anddecidestorunaway.FirstDavid----themainroleofthenovel.Hisfatherdiedbeforehecouldbegiveabirth.HismothermarriedMurdstoneandbecamehisstepfather.Thatisthestartofhishardlife.Howeverafterhisendeavor,hemarriedhisloverDora—abeautifulandinnocentgirl.Butnotlongaftertheirmarriage,Doradiedofdisease