第三部分题型研析高分保障题型3短文还原年份2017201620152014文体说明文说明文说明文记叙文话题关于旅游关于名字家庭寄宿放飞鸟的一次经历词数233153282267分析短文还原题目是德州14年英语中考题中更换的新题型,在原文中选出5个承上启下的句子设空,同时在选项中增加一个句子作为混淆选项,要求学生选5个句子还原到文章中,使文章通顺完整、衔接自然、符合表达逻辑。此题要求学生在全面理解文章内容和结构的基础上,着重关注文章,谋篇布局,我们在日常学习中,要兼顾课文的篇章结构和构思角度解题技法指导例题精析[2017·成都中考]Astimegoesby,areyoustillthesamepersonyouwere?Manyofyouwouldthinkyouare.1.________Youcouldbeacompletelydifferentpersonwhenyougetold.Psychologists(心理学家)attheUK’sUniversityofEdinburghdidthestudyonagroupofScottishpeople.2.________In1950,agroupofteachersgaveover1,20014-yearoldstudentspersonalitytests.3.______Theywereselfconfidence,senseofresponsibility,perseverance(耐性),strongwishestowin,creativityandmoods(情绪).In2012,researcherssuccessfullyfound174ofthose1,200studentsandgavethematestsimilartotheonetheyhadreceivedbefore.4.______Theyweresurprisedtofindgreatchangestoallsixpersonalitytraitsofthesepeople.5.________Itwas“asifthesecondtesthadbeengiventodifferentpeople.”thestudyreported.Inthepast,personalitywaswidelybelievedtobeunchangeable.Thisnewstudymaybringsomefreshideastotheworld.A.Theytestedsixbasicpersonalitytraits.B.Thentheycomparedthethenandnowtestresults.C.Theywantedtoknowifpeople’spersonalitywasunchangeable.D.Butaccordingtoanewstudy,yourpersonalitycanchangegreatly.E.Theyoungandolderselfseemedtobetotallydifferentfromeachperson.F.Theresearchfoundalmosteveryone’spersonalitychangedwhengrewold.【主旨大意】这是一篇科普类说明文,文章主要介绍了,人们以前普遍认为人格是不可改变的,但随着时间的推移,人的性格会发生变化。短文用实验来验证了这一结论。1.D根据上句“Astimegoesby,areyoustillthesamepersonyouwere?Manyofyouwouldthinkyouare.随着时间的流逝,你还是原来的你吗?你们很多人都会认为自己是。”可知,下句应该是“但是根据一项新的研究,你的个性可能会发生很大的变化。”故选D。2.F根据上句“Psychologists(心理学家)attheUK’sUniversityofEdinburghdidthestudyonagroupofScottishpeople.英国爱丁堡大学的心理学家对一群苏格兰人做了这项研究。”可知,下句应该是“研究发现,几乎每个人的性格随着年龄的增长而改变。”故选F。3.A根据上句“In1950,agroupofteachersgaveover1,20014yearoldstudentspersonalitytests.在1950年,一组教师对1200多名14岁学生进行了性格测试。”及下句“Theywereselfconfidence,senseofresponsibility,perseverance,strongwishestowin,creativityandmoods.他们是自信、责任感、毅力、强烈的获胜愿望、创造力和情绪。”可知,中间应该是“他们测试了六个基本的性格特征。”故选A。4.B根据上句“In2012,researcherssuccessfullyfound174ofthose1,200studentsandgavethematestsimilartotheonetheyhadreceivedbefore.2012年,研究人员成功地找到了1200个学生中的174个,并给他们做了一个类似于他们以前接受过的测试。”可知,下句应该是“然后他们比较了当时和现在的测试结果。”故选B。5.E根据上句“Theyweresurprisedtofindgreatchangestoallsixpersonalitytraitsofthesepeople.他们惊奇地发现这些人的六个性格特征都发生了巨大的变化。”可知,下句应该是“年轻的自己和老的自己每个人看起来都完全不同。”故选E。技法点拨在阅读短文还原题给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点:该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外,多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除,例如,在干扰项中,主旨句概括要么过于宽泛,要么以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些,我们总结了一些解题技巧供大家参考:1.注意细节之间的联系,平时我们运用最多的四种逻辑关系(因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、顺序关系),在文章中寻找逻辑词和连接词,如表因果关系:because,so;表转折关系:but,however;表并列关系:and,or;表顺序关系:时间顺序,动作顺序。2.注意主题与细节之间的关系,这类较为简单,一般在句首或句中挖空。3.注意大小主题之间的关系,此类题目较难,一般要通读全文,在全文中寻找答案。4.注意首段的末句以及末段的首句,多数情况下需要填的内容出现在这两个地方。做题步骤口诀读选项,排排序;读短文,找逻辑;先易后难,找顺序;定夺答案,再读文章。得分技巧口诀抓住过渡词;盯住上下句;看准横线的前后词语。即时运用Passage1[2016·德州中考]What’sinaName?Yournameisveryimportant.Whenyouthinkofyourself,youprobablythinkofyournamefirst.1.____Rightnow,thetwomostpopularnamesforbabiesintheUnitedStatesare“Jacob”forboysand“Emily”forgirls.2.____Andwhyaresomenamesunpopular?EDNamescanbecomepopularbecauseoffamousactors,TVorbookheroes,ortopplayers.Popularnamesmeanverypositive(积极的)things.Unpopularnamesmeannegative(消极的)things.3.____Herearesomecommonopinionsaboutnamesfromarecentsurvey.C4.____Thebiggestreasonistradition.Theyhavenochoice.Manypeoplearenamedafterafamilymember.5.____Anamethatisunpopularnowmightbecomepopularinthefuture.That’sgoodnewsforalltheGeorgesandBettysoutthere.A.ChinesenamesaredifferentfromEnglishnames.B.Ofcourse,opinionscanchangeovertime.C.Surprisingly,peopleusuallyhavesimilaropinionsaboutnames.D.Whyarethesenamespopular?E.Becauseitisanimportantpartofyouridentity(身份).F.Sowhydoparentsgivetheirchildrenunpopularnames?FBPassage2[2017·北京中考改编]FromtheOtherSideLaraandTaraaretwins.1.____,buttheyareverydifferentineverythingelse.Forexample,hotfoodisLara’sfavorite,andTarahasasweetchoice.However,thisisn’ttheproblemwiththetwingirls.Theyalwaysarguedthattheoppositeonewaswrong.2.____,whileTarainsistedthatmorningswerefreshanditwasdifficulttostayuptillmidnight.AE3.____.Toputanendtotheirfights,theirparentsdecidedtocreateasmalldrama.Theywantedthegirlstounderstandthattheywerebothcorrectfromtheirownpointofview.Theirparentscoveredthegirls’eyeswithblackribbons,andbroughtthemtothediningroom.4.____.LarawasaskedtostandononesideoftheboardandTaraontheother.Theycouldn’tseetheothersideofit.Whentheribbonsweretakenaway,theyweresurprisedtoseeahugeboardbetweenthem.BDNow,theirfatheraskedLara,“What’sthecoloroftheboard?”Shereplied,“It’sblack!”5.____.Shereplied,“It’swhite!”Thetwogirlsbegantoargueagain.WhileLarawasconfidentitwasblack,Tarawassureitwaswhite.Then,theywereaskedtoexchange(交换)theirplaces.Theycouldn’tbelievetheireyes.Tara,whoinsisteditwasawhiteboard,sawablackone.Similarly,Lara,whoarguedtheboardwasblack,wasshockedtoseeawhiteone.Theyunderstoodthateachofthemwasrightinherownview.MostofusarelikeLaraandTara.Wearerightmosttimes,butinsistthatothersare