dickens狄更斯简介ppt

CharlesDickens(1812—1870)Utilitarianismistheideathatthemoralworthofanactionisdeterminedsolelybyitsutilityinprovidinghappinessorpleasureassummedamongallsentientbeings.Itisthusaformofconsequentialism(效果论),meaningthatthemoralworthofanactionisdeterminedbyitsoutcome.ThemostinfluentialcontributorstothisideologywereJeremyBenthamandJohnStuartMill.•Hisworkhasbeenpraisedforitsmasteryofproseanduniquepersonalities,thoughthesamecharacteristicspromptedotherstocriticizehimforsentimentalityandimplausibility.(1812—1870)Portsmouth,HampshireFatherJohnDickensSpenttoomuchmoneyentertainingandretaininghissocialpositionMarshalseaDebtors’PrisonWarrensblackingfactoryAt12IdyllictimeHisLifeFeb.7th,1812SoapyinTheCopAndTheAnthem???childlaborHisLiferestartedschoolingat13alawyer’soffice15shorthandparliamentaryreporterwritingcareerin1833MetMariaBeadnellin1830DorainDavidCopperfieldHisLifein1836SketchesbyBoz《特写集》marriedCatherineHogarthfirstnovelbecamefamouswithoutrestDiedofapoplexyonJune9th,1870Poets’CorneratWestminsterAbbeyThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClubPickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》OliverTwistPoets’CorneratWestminsterAbbeyHewasasympathisertothepoor,thesuffering,andtheoppressed;andbyhisdeath,oneofEngland'sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.MarriedLifeandFamilyIn1836,HemarriedCatherineHogarthat2410childrenIn1837,Catherine's17yearoldsisterMarymovedinwiththempassedawayinDickens'armsonMay7ththespiritualessenceLittleNellinTheOldCuriosityShopRoseinOliverTwistKateinNicholasNicklebyAgnesinDavidCopperfieldIn1842,aged15,GeorginaHogarthjoinedtheDickensfamilyhouseholdIn1858HeseparatedfromCatherineIn1855,HewenttomeethisfirstloveMariaBeadnellFlorainLittleDorritBy1857,theDickens'marriagewasallegedlyalovelessonewhenhemettheblondeandattractive18-year-oldShakespeareanactress,EllenTernan.Hewas45.Hispublicimagewouldhavebeenruinedifanyreportsofhisextra-maritalaffairwerepublished.Afterall,hewasaliteraryherowhosenovelsdepictfamilylifeasamoralideal.TheaffaironlyendedatDickens'deathofaheartattackat58in1870.anothermodelforhisyoungwomen,particularlyforLucieManetteinATaleofTwoCitiesandforEstellaHavishaminGreatExpectations•SketchesbyBoz1836《博兹特写集》•PickwickPapers1836《匹克威克外传》•NickolasNickleby1839《尼古拉斯·尼克贝》•OliverTwist1839《雾都孤儿》•TheOldCuriosityShop1841《老古玩店》•AmericanNotes1842《美国纪行》•BarnabyRudge1841《巴纳比·拉奇》•AChristmasCarol1843《圣诞颂歌》•MartinChuzzlewitt1843《马丁·翟述伟》Dickens’MajorWorksTheChimes1844《教堂钟声》TheCricketontheHearth1845《灶上蟋蟀》DombeyandSon1849《董贝父子》DavidCopperfield1850《大卫·科波菲尔》BleakHouse1853《荒凉山庄》HardTimes1854《艰难时世》LittleDorritt1857《小杜丽》ATaleofTwoCities1859《双城记》GreatExpectations1861《远大前程》OurMutualFriend1865《我们共同的朋友》TheMysteryofEdwinDrood1870《艾德温·德鲁德之谜》MajorThemesinDickens’fiction•Lonelinessofchildhood•Oppressionofpoverty•Uncertaintyofloveandmarriage•Indifferenceofsocialinstitutions•Sustainingjoyoffamilylife•Perseveranceandsacrificeinfaceofuntoldhardshipsandinjustice•ManyautobiographicallinksbetweenlifeandwritingsofDickensThemes•Docks•Aristocracy-wealth,rich,landandpower•Childlabor-OliverTwist•Familylife•Lostloveandunattainablewomen•Dickens’maincharactersgreatlyresemblehimselfandhislifeDickens’artistictechnique:1.Dickenshasatendencytodepictthegrostequecharactersorevents.•2.Dickenslovestoinstalllifeintoinanimate(nonliving)thingsandtocompareanimate(linving)beingstoinanimatethings.•3.Dickensisnotedforhisdescriptionofpatheticscenesthataimtoarousepeople’ssympathy.•4.Dickensisoftendescribedasusing‘idealised’charactersandhighlysentimentalscenestocontrastwithhiscaricatures(讽刺画)andtheuglysocialtruthshereveals.•5.Dickensbelievethatgoodwinsoutintheendandofteninunexpectedways.best-knownworksGreatExpectationsDavidCopperfieldOliverTwistNicholasNicklebyAChristmascoralhismostautobiographicwork1833-1841,Thefirstperiod,youthfuloptimism1836SketchesbyBoz1836-37ThePickwickPapers1837-38OliverTwist1838-39NicholasNickleby1840-41TheOldCuriosityShop1841BarnabyRudgetheriseandclimaxoftheChartistmovement1842-1850,Thesecondperiodexcitementandirritation1842AmericanNotes1843-45MartinChuzzlewit1843AChristmasCarol1844TheChimes1845TheCricketontheHearth1846-48DombeyandSon1849-50DavidCopperfieldtemporaryrevivalofChartismandthetempestuousyearsof1848-49.endswiththetriumphofEuropeanreaction,in1850.1)BleakHouse18532)HardTimes18543)LittleDorrit18574)ATaleofTwoCities18595)GreatExpectations18616)OurMutualFriend18657)EdwinDrood(unfinished)18701851-1870,thethirdperiodsteadilyintensifyingpessimismDickens'novelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglishbourgeoissocietyofhisage.Whilecriticizingtherich,Dickenspresentedapictureofthepeople'ssufferingundercapitalism.ThedecayingpettybourgeoisieandtherisingworkingclassweredepictedbyDickensasvictimsofcapitalistgreedandexploitation.Dickens'worksareareflectionoftheprotestofthepeopleagainstcapitalistexploitation.Hesawthecontradictionsofcapitalistsociety.YetDickenswashimselfapetty-bourgeoiswhocouldnotoverstepthelimitsofhisclass.Hispetty-bourgeoislimitationfoundexpressioninadefinitetendencyforareconciliationofclasscontradictions,andinthehappyendingsofmanyofhisnovels.socialsig