查尔斯·狄更斯英文ppt

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查尔斯·狄更斯(CharlesDickens,1812-1870)*C.DisoneofthegreatestVictorianwriters•*“thegeniuswhomostfullyexpressedhiscontemporariesinthecommoninterest”---StefanZweigIntroduction狄更斯1812年2月7日生于朴次茅斯市郊,[1]出生于海军小职员家庭,少年时因家庭生活窘迫,只能断断续续入校求学。后被迫到工场做童工。15岁以后,当过律师事务所学徒、录事和法庭记录员。20岁开始当报馆采访员,报道下议院。1837年他完成了第一部长篇小说《匹克威克外传》,是第一部现实主义小说创作,后来创作才能日渐成熟,先后出版了《雾都孤儿》(1838)、《老古玩店》(1841)、《董贝父子》(1848)、《大卫·科波菲尔》(1850)、《艰难时世》(1854)、《双城记》(1859)《远大前程》(1861)等[2],1870年6月9日卒于罗切斯特附近的盖茨山庄。DickenswasbornonFebruary7,1812,inthesuburbsofPortsmouth,[1]inthefamilyofasmallnavalofficer.Whenhewasateenager,hehadtogotoschoolintermittentlybecauseofhisfamilylife.Thentheywereforcedtoworkaschildlabourersintheworkshops.After15yearsofage,hehasworkedasanapprenticeinalawfirm,arecordclerkandacourtrecorder.Attheageof20,hebegantoworkasanewspaperinterviewer,coveringtheHouseofCommons.In1837,hecompletedhisfirstnovel,Pickwick'sBiography,whichwasthefirstrealisticnovelcreation.Later,hiscreativeabilitybecamemoreandmoremature.HepublishedOrphansofTwist(1838),AntiqueShop(1841),DombeyandSon(1848),DavidCopperfield(1850),HardTimes(1854),TwoCities(1859),FarAway.GreatExpectations(1861),etc.[2],diedonJune9,1870atGatesVillanearRochester.FeaturesofDickens’NovelsSharpsocialcriticism.Gentlehumanitarian.vividoutwardportrayalHumorousandPungentTheexamplesofhishumorousandpungentironyHisskinisnothealthy,thelackofanaturalpigment,ifhewascut,perhapseventheflowofbloodiswhite.---hardtimes他的皮肤是不健康的,缺少了自然的色素,如果他被刀割了以后,可能连流出来的血也是白的。Hedoesn‘thavemuchhair,youprobablythoughtitwasbecausehetalkedtoomuchandmakeshairturnaway,leavingitabitdisorganizedandprickedup,alsobecauseofhisstrongwindwafted,putthemintothesame.---hardtimes他没有多少头发,你可能以为是由于他谈话谈得太多而把头发谈掉了,剩下来的那一点儿杂乱无章地竖了起来,也是由于他那大风似的吹劲儿,把它们吹成那个样子的。Earlyperiod(1836-45):GentlesocialcriticismFantasticoptimismNovelapicaresqueExaggerationHisrepresentativeworksofthattimeThePickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》(1837)OliverTwist《奥利佛·忒斯特》(又名《雾都孤儿》)(1838)TheOldCuriosityShop《老古玩店》(1839)NicholasNickleby《尼古拉斯·尼科尔贝》(1841)Themiddleperiod(1846-57):HecriticisebourgeoisandtheirmoralityGentleMoralismTheplotandstructurearemorecompleteunifiedHumorandsatireHisrepresentativeworksofthattimeAmericanNotes《美国札记》(1842)MartinChuzzlewit《马丁·瞿述伟》(1843)DombeyandSon《董贝父子》(1848)DavidCopperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》(1852)Thelaterperiod(1858-70):HumorandsatireSocialCriticismGentleReformismandStronghumanitarianExplorationofman’sinnerconflictsSymbolismHisrepresentativeworksofthattimeBleakHouse《荒凉山庄》(1853)HardTimes《艰难时世》(1854)LittleDorrit《小杜丽》(1857)ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》(1859)GreatExpectations《远大前程》(1861)OurMutualFriend《我们共同的朋友》(1865)雾都孤儿小说的主人公奥利弗·崔斯特,是一名生在济贫院的孤儿,忍饥挨饿,备受欺凌,由于不堪棺材店老板娘、教区执事邦布尔夫等人的虐待而独自逃往伦敦,可刚一到达就受骗误入贼窟。窃贼团伙的首领—费金费尽千方百计,企图把奥利弗训练为扒手供他驱使。OliverTrist,theheroofthenovel,isanorphanborninapoor-house.Hesuffersfromhunger,hungerandbullyingbecausehecan'tbeartobetaughtbytheownerofacoffinshop.TheDistrictdeaconBumblefandothersfledtoLondonaloneafterabuse,buttheyweredeceivedintotheburglaryassoonastheyarrived.Fagin,theleaderoftheThieves'gang,triedeverymeanstotrainOliverasapickpockettodrivehim.奥利弗跟随窃贼伙伴“机灵鬼”和贝茨上街时,被误认为他偷了一位叫布朗洛的绅士(恰巧是他父亲生前的好友)的手绢而被警察逮捕。后因书摊老板证明了他的无辜,说明小偷另有其人,他才被释放。由于他当时病重昏迷,且容貌酷似友人生前留下的一副少妇画像,布朗洛收留他在家中治病,得到布朗洛及其女管家比德温太太无微不至的关怀,第一次感受到人间的温暖。窃贼团伙害怕奥利弗会泄露团伙的秘密,在费金指示下,塞克斯和南希费尽心机,趁奥利弗外出替布朗洛归还书摊老板的图书的时候用计使他重新陷入了贼窟。但当费金试图惩罚毒打奥利弗的时候,南希挺身而出保护了奥利弗。费金用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段企图迫使奥利弗成为一名窃贼,成为费金的摇钱树。WhenOliverfollowedhisfellowthieves,SmartGhost,andBatesintothestreet,hewasmistakenforstealingahandkerchieffromagentlemannamedBrownlow,whohappenedtobehisfather'sbestfriend,andarrestedbythepolice.Later,hewasreleasedbecausethebookstallownerprovedhisinnocence,indicatingthatthethiefhadsomeoneelse.Becausehewasseriouslyillandcomatose,andlookedlikeaportraitofayoungwomanleftbehindbyhisfriend'slife,Brownlowtookhiminfortreatmentathome,andreceivedthemeticulouscareofBrownlowandhishousekeeper,Mrs.Bidwin,andfeltthewarmthoftheworldforthefirsttime.FearingthatOliverwouldrevealthegang'ssecrets,SexandNancy,underFagin'sinstructions,triedtheirbesttogetOliverbackintothedenwhilehewasoutreturningBrownlow'sbooktothebookstallowner.ButwhenFagintriedtopunishOliverforbeatinghimup,NancycameforwardtoprotectOliver.FagintriedtoforceOlivertobecomeaburglarandacashcowbymeansofthreats,luresandindoctrination.一天黑夜,奥利弗在塞克斯的胁迫下参加对一座大宅院的行窃。正当奥利弗准备趁爬进窗户的机会向主人报告时,被管家发现后开枪打伤。窃贼仓惶逃跑时,把奥利弗丢弃在路旁水沟之中。奥利弗在雨雪之中带伤爬行,无意中又回道那家宅院,昏到在门口。好心的主人梅丽夫人及其养女罗斯小姐收留并庇护了他。无巧不成书,这位罗斯小姐正是奥利弗的姨妈,但双方都不知道。在梅丽夫人家,奥利弗真正享受到了人生的温馨和美好。但费金团伙却不能放过奥利弗。有一天一个名叫蒙克斯的人来找费金,这人是奥利弗的同父异母兄长,由于他的不孝,他父亲在遗嘱中将全部遗产给了奥利弗,除非奥利弗和蒙克斯是一样的不孝儿女,遗产才可由蒙克斯继承。为此蒙克斯出高价买通费金,要他使奥利弗变成不可救药的罪犯,以便霸占奥利弗名下的全部遗产,并发泄自己对已去世的父亲的怨恨。正当蒙克斯得意洋洋的谈到他如何和邦布尔夫夫妇狼狈为奸,毁灭了能证明奥利弗身份的唯一证据的时候,被南希听见。南希见义勇为,同情奥利弗的遭遇,冒生命危险,偷偷找到罗斯小姐,向她报告了这一切。Onenight,OliverwascoercedbySextotakepartinthetheftofalargehouse.WhenOliverwasreadytoreporttohismasterbyclimbingintothewindow,hewasfoundbythehousekeeperandshot.Whentheburglarfledinapanic,heleftOliverintheditchbytheroad.Olivercrawledinjuredintherainandsnow,accidentallyreturnedtothehouseandfaintedatthedoor.Mrs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