第二部分专项语法高效突破专项10非谓语动词高频考点精讲考点1动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成肯定结构:(to)+动词原形否定结构:not(+to)+动词原形2.动词不定式的用法考点2动名词1.动名词的构成动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成。2.动名词的用法【注意】①英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆:完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy);继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup);考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike);喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)。②下列短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。如:makecontributionsto为……做贡献;devoteoneselfto...致力于……;lookforwardto...期盼……;prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……。③need,require,want后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。如:Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.这些花需要浇水。3.一些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事remembertodosth.记住要做某事(未做)rememberdoingsth.记得曾做过某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记做某事(动作未发生)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(动作已发生)trytodosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.试着去做某事regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到遗憾,后悔(已做)考点3分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+ed”,但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意;过去分词有被动、完成之意。2.分词的基本用法3.现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。如:amovingfilm一部感人的电影;themovedpeople被感动的人们。(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作、过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如:developingcountries发展中国家;developedcountries发达国家。4.现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别我们常见的动词如see,watch,notice,hear等,接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;接现在分词作宾补,表示动作正在进行。如:①Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)②Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)③Isawhimgoingupthestairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)④Isawhimgoupthestairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)5.易混结构havesb.dosth.,havesb./sth.doingsth.和havesth.done的区别(1)havesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如:Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替,现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如:Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。(3)havesth.done意为“让别人做某事”,即asksb.elsetodosth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)完成。如:Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。十年真题全练近几年,滨州中考对非谓语动词,重点考查动词不定式。从命题意图来看,侧重考查学生对动词不定式的理解及运用能力;从命题形式来看,一般有选择填空、完形填空、动词应用。从命题内容来看,主要考查不定式作主语;宾语;宾语补足语和目的状语,同时也涉及到了不定式的固定句型和用法。预计2018年考试中的选择填空题中会出一道考查不定式的题,且动词应用中也会出到,考查不定式的固定句型和表目的的可能性很大。考点1动词不定式1.[2012·滨州,32题]MypenpalAndrewfounditdifficult__C__Chinesewell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned2.[2013·滨州,31题]—Wouldyoulike__B__campingwithme?—I’dliketo.ButI’mbusy______myhomework.A.togo;todoB.togo;doingC.going;todoD.going;doing考点2动名词3.[2008·滨州,32题]—Youaren’tastranger,areyou?—__A__.Don’tyouremember______themountainwithuslastweekend?A.No;climbingB.No;toclimbC.Yes;climbingD.Yes;toclimb4.[2009·滨州,30题]—It’ssohotinside.Wouldyoumind__B__thewindow?―Ofcoursenot.A.openB.openingC.closeD.closing5.[2012·滨州,23题]Weknowthatsheenjoys__C__booksverymuch.A.readB.readsC.readingD.toread4.[2013·滨州,27题]IknowalittleaboutThailand,asI__D__therethreeyearsago.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.willgoD.went5.[2013·滨州,33题]Howtimeflies!Threeyears__A__reallyashorttime.A.isB.areC.wasD.were6.[2014·滨州,32题]—Jimisn’tintheclassroom.Whereishenow?—He__C__thelibrary.A.willgotoB.hasbeentoC.hasgonetoD.goesto7.[2015·滨州,33题]—Lookatthesign!Itsays“NoSmoking”.—Oh,sorry.I__D__it.A.don’tseeB.haven’tseenC.wasn’tseenD.didn’tsee猜押预测1.Thejokewassofunnythatitmadeus__A__againandagain.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughedC.laughs2.ItalkedbacktomyteacherwhenIwasyoung.Ireallyregret__C__thatsillythingtomyteacher.A.doB.todoC.doingD.did3.Ourteacheraskedus__D__ontheroadafterschool.It’sdangerous.A.notplayB.notplaysC.notplayedD.nottoplay4.—Haveyoufinish__C__thestorybook?—Yes,Ihave.A.toreadB.readC.readingC.reads5.Ifyouaretired,youcanstop__B__arest.A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.has6.—It’simportantforustoknow__A__allthesubjects.—Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.A.howtostudyB.whentostudyC.whichtostudyD.whattostudy7.Weadviseparents__B__theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.notleaveB.nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave8.__B__isthebestwaytokeepagoodrelationshipwithyourparents,teachersandotherpeoplearoundyou.A.ActivecommunicatingB.ActivelycommunicatingC.ActivelycommunicationD.Activecommunicate9.TheMonkeyKingcanmake72changestohisshapeandsize,__C__himselfintodifferentanimalsandobjects.A.turnedB.toturnC.turningD.turn