第二部分专项语法高效突破专项6数词高频考点精讲考点1基数词和序数词的构成及用法一、基数词1.基数词的读法(构成)基数词规则例词1~12各自独立one;two;three;four;five;six;seven;eight;nine;ten;eleven;twelve13~19词尾加teenthirteen;fourteen;fifteen;sixteen;seventeen;eighteen;nineteen几十的表达法词尾加tytwenty;thirty;forty;fifty;sixty;seventy;eighty;ninety21~99在十位与个位之间加连字符构成21读作twentyone;99读作ninetynine101~999先说几百,再加and,再加末尾两位数或个位数101读作onehundredandone;238读作twohundredandthirtyeight1000以上的数将数字从右往左数,每三位数用一个逗号隔开,从右往左第一个逗号表示“千”读thousand;第二个逗号表示“百万”读million;第三个逗号表示“十亿”读billion18,657,421读作eighteenmillion,sixhundredandfiftyseventhousand,fourhundredandtwentyone2.基数词的用法①表示数量多少。如:Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.在我家里有四口人。②表示时刻。直接读法:先读小时,后读分钟。如:3:25读作threetwentyfive。间接读法:a)≤30分钟:分钟+past+小时。如:3:25读作twenty-fivepastthree;3:30读作halfpastthree;3:15读作aquarterpastthree。b)>30分钟:(60分钟)+to+(小时数+1)。如:3:55读作fivetofour;3:45读作aquartertofour。③表示年(月)份和年龄。如:HewasborninMarch,2004.他出生于2004年3月份。Sheisfifteenyearsold.她15岁了。④表示编号(顺序)。如:Unit12第12单元;Page5第5页;Room203203号房间。⑤表示年代。如:inthe1940s/1940’s(读作inthenineteenforties)在20世纪40年代。⑥“基数词+连字符+单数名词(+连字符+形容词)”构成复合形容词,作定语,用于表示时间、距离等。如:aneightyear-oldboy一个8岁的男孩;tenminutewalk(=tenminutes’walk)10分钟的路程。⑦“基数词+more”或“another+基数词”表示“在原来的基础上增加数量”。如:HewillstayinChinafortwomoreweeks(=anothertwoweeks).他将在中国再待两周。⑧确数与概数的表达法确数的表达法:基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数。如:threehundredstudents三百名学生;twothousandbooks两千本书。概数的表达法:hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数。如:thousandsofbirds数以千只鸟;millionsofpeople数以百万的人。二.序数词1.构成:常在基数词后加th构成:(1)第一至第十九一般是在基数词后加th,但变化特殊的有:one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve→twelfth。(2)逢十的twenty,thirty...ninety,分别改y为ieth。如:twenty→twentieth,ninety→ninetieth。(3)表示第几十几或第几百几十几,只需将个位数改为序数词。如:56→fiftysix→fiftysixth;635→sixhundredandthirtyfive→sixhundredandthirtyfifth。【口诀】基变序,有规律,末尾要加th,一二三特殊记,结尾各是t,d,d,八减t,九去e,f来把ve替,ty改为tie,然后再加th,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。2.用法:(1)表示顺序。序数词表示顺序时,在其前用定冠词the。如:ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavebeeninLondon.这是我第二次去伦敦。(2)但若序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则省略the。如:myfirstteacher我的第一位老师。(3)固定短语中的序数词前不用冠词。如:atfirst起初;firstofall首先。(4)某人的第几个生日、月份的日期、第几个世纪、分数中的分母都用序数词。(5)the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+其他,表示“第几大……”。如:Peteristhesecondtallestboyinhisclass.彼得是班里第二高的男孩。(6)序数词前加a/an表示“又一,再一”。如:Shewantedathirdcake.她想要第三块蛋糕。(已经吃了两块了)考点2确切和不确切数字的表达方法hundred,thousand,million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,不加s。如:severalmillionpeople数百万人;twothousandteachers两千位老师。但如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时,则应用s+of构成短语。如:hundredsofbooks几百本书;thousandsofworkers几千个工人。考点3分数、小数及百分数1.分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,当分子大于1时,序数词要用复数。1/2→a/onehalf;1/3→a/onethird;1/4→a/onefourth或a/onequarter;2/5→twofifths。2.小数是以基数词加小数点表示,小数点前面的数按基数词的规则读,小数点后面的数按个位基数词依次读出,如:0.5→zeropointfive;0.006→zeropointzerozerosix。3.百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成,百分号(%)读作percent,如:0.6%→zeropointsixpercent;5%→fivepercent。十年真题全练近五年滨州中考试题对数词的考查形式主要为单词拼写,涉及到基数词和序数词的拼写;对于辨析基数词与序数词的考查形式一般出现在选择填空题中,对不确切数量词的考查也往往以选择填空的形式出现。复习数词时,要注意基数词时刻的表达法、加减法、日期表达法、分数的表达法及基数词在句中与名词的搭配等。预计2018年滨州中考中仍会出现对数词的考查,听力选择和单词拼写题对数词的考查会以数字辨音和词性转换为主。考点1基数词和序数词的构成及用法1.[2011·滨州,25题]Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage__B__andlookatthe______picture.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fifthC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;five2.[2017·滨州,23题]Mygrandparentsliveinanoldapartmentwith__D__floorsandtheyareonthe______floor.A.fifth;threeB.fifth;thirdC.five;threeD.five;third考点2确切和不确切数字的表达方法3.[2015·滨州,32题]Two__B__students____totheopeningceremonylastFriday.A.hundreds;wereinvitedB.hundred;wereinvitedC.hundredsof;invitedD.hundredof;invited考点3分数、小数及百分数4.[2016·滨州,25题]—Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?—Wonderful!__A__oftheland______coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;isC.Twofifths;areD.Twofifth;are猜押预测1.—Jack,__A__oftheapples______gonebad.—We’dbettereatuptherestassoonaspossible.A.onefifth;haveB.onefifth;hasC.onefifths;haveD.firstfive;has2.Maryfelthappytoreceivesomegiftsonher__C__birthday.A.twelveB.twentyC.twelfthD.next3.Thisisthe__C__timethatIcometoParis.Ihavebeenheretwice.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth4.Whenhearrivedattheairport,LuHanfoundthat__C__fanswerewaitingforhim.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof5.Thereare__C__touristsvisitingtheislandonMayDayeveryyear.A.twothousandsofB.twothousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandof6.—Howoldisyourson?—__D__.Wehadaspecialpartyforhis________birthdayyesterday.A.Nine;nineB.Ninth;nineC.Nine;theninthD.Nine;ninth7.Wearegoingonholidayinthe__C__weekofJuly.A.twoB.twiceC.secondD.secondlyLifeisfarmoreimportant,isn’tit?A.halfB.onethirdC.twothirdsD.threequarters8.__A__birdshavecomebackbecausetheenvironmentherebecomesbetterandbetter.A.ThousandsofB.ThousandofC.ThousandsD.Thousand9.__D__ofthelandinthatdistrictiscoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.FifthtwoB.TwofifthC.FifthsecondD.Twofifths10.—Arecentsurveyshowsthat35outof45studentsinmyclasswillsavetheirphonesfirstinafire.—About__D__ofthestudentsmadesuchachoice?Lifeisfarmoreimportant,isn’tit?A.halfB.onethirdC.twothirdsD.threequarters