阅读理解(策略二)：猜测词义题

猜测词义题阅读理解（策略二）：熟悉构词法与语境法，解决阅读理解词义猜测Teachingaim:Toimprovethestudents’readingability.Teachingdifficultpoint:Howtoimprovethestudents’abilityofGuessingnewworlds’meaningwhilereading..Teachingaid:MultimediaStepOne:Warming--upandLeading—in.I.DiscussionHaveafreetalkwithstudentsabouthowtoguessnewworlds’meaningwhilereading.II．Smallexercisesandsummaries.Teachingprocedures:一.根据读示例,选择语义元素与前面单词相同的答案。示例：importantA.abroadB.customsC.heavyD.significant1.divorceA.mathsB.policeC.separateD.share2.messA.churchB.manyC.networkD.untidy3.prayerA.carpenterB.dogC.musicianD.religion4.showerA.jokeB.performanceC.pretendD.rain5.weepA.birdB.cryC.clothD.grass6.adolescentA.smellB.smoothC.teenagerD.unfaithful2.阅读下列文段，关注和解析划线单词的构词法，并将段中与之呼应的单词或短语抄写下来。Thecompanyfailedtogainprofitsandhadbadoperationbecauseofhismismanagement.AllofussuggestreplacinghimwithSomeoneelsewhocandealwithourcompanybetter.（NMET2010北京）【解词】______________________________________________________【呼应语】_____________________________________________mismanagement=mis（否定前缀）+manage（管理）+ment（名词后缀）.意为“管理不善”failedtogainprofits(没能盈利),hadbadoperation(运转不周),dealwithourcompanybetter(更好地管理公司）StepTwo：ExemplifyinginSkills（例证与技能）A.构词法与语境法1）派生法（Derivation）派生法就是借助前缀或后缀派生出新词的构词方法。后缀往往起改变词性的作用，派生出的新词主要有名词、形容词、动词三种；前缀主要起改变词义的作用，包括各种否定前缀、时间前缀等。1.构词法【例1】通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。Napoleon，asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands”.Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse”.Heissaidtobe“undersized”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.(NMET2008广东)词义：________________身材矮小的2)合成法（Compounding）合成法是指由两个或两个以上单词合成一个新词。通常情况下，合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和。【例2】通过分析合成词，猜测划线单词的意思。Heneverworeready-madeclothes.词义：__________________________现成的，做好的3)转化法（Conversion）转化法是指单词的词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用。而这种单词叫转化词。【例3】通过分析转换词，猜测划线单词的意思。Greatculturalledtomoreopencommunicationanddemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.(NMET2008广东)词义：____________发言权1）.利用释义词（句）、举例或同位语表示释义或举例词语的信息词有______________________________________________等，符号则有e.g.(举例)、i.e.（也就是）。【例1】通过释义或举例词语，猜测划线单词的意思。Infact，onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheu.s.today,(NMET2005浙江)词义：_________2.语境法forexample，forinstance，suchas，inotherwords，thatistosay，namely野猫2）利用对比、类比或转这词表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有：______________________________________________________________等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号。but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，despite，inspiteof，insteadTheunderlinedword“descendants”meansaperson’s______________________.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguespartnersD.latersponsors【例2】somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.perhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO’Donnellsaredescend-angtsofthesanmeDonnell.(NMET2010江苏)3)利用因果关系表示因果关系的信息词有_____________________________.【例3】Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcomeonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.(NMET2004广东)because，as，since，for，thus，so，thereforeTheunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterest4)利用上下文猜测词义题在考查熟词新义以及代词指代内容时往往需要综合考虑上下文，有时也需要结合常识和背景知识。Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbakeon”mostprobablymeans﹍﹍﹍﹍AleaveforBreturntoCgiveupDrelyon【例4】whenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywell-paidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallnewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormalmentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Iwantedtoknow.(NMET2006广东)1.完成下列练习，并说出所用的构词法。【练习1】Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmoleculesheldinspecialpositionswithineachbigproteinmolecule.Becauseofitssugarcontent,itiscalledaglycoprotein.(NMET2008辽宁)Whatdoes“glyco-”intheunderlinedword“glycoprotein”mean?A.sugarB.iceC.bloodD.moleculeB.技能训练【练习2】Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible，butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.（NMET2010山东）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatover-consumption”referto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.B.Recyclingtoomanwastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.【练习3】DearSusan,Pleaseforwardthismessagetostudentsofmyhistoryclass.BesidesthelifestoryofRosaParksinthetextbook,thestudentsarealsorequiredtoreadthepassagebelowandsomerelatedstoriesthatcanbeborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.（NMET2007重庆）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“forward”mean?A.ExplainB.SendC.TakeD.Read.2.完成下列练习，并说出所用的语境法类别。【练习4】Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI’minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.andbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromtho