英语句子成分

英语句子成分第一章：英语句子成分知识点概述知识点总结组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。1、主语主语是一个句子的主题。主语的位置①陈述句中，一般在一句之首。Theymanagedtorescueallthepeopleintheflood.②疑问句、倒装句中，一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。Upwentthearrowintotheair.Whydotheymoveandburnmoreoftheforest?Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeoplewhoaredisabledtofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.③祈使句中，往往省略。Takethismoneyandbuyyourselfsomemorebooks.（句首省略了you）④Therebe结构中，在be之后。AroundtheareaofAswantherearealotofimportantoldtemples,whichdatefromabout1250BC.2、谓语谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，主语具有的特征或所处的状态。（1）由简单动词构成的谓语TheystartedtouseEnglish,buttheyalsobroughtinsomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.（2）由动词短语构成的谓语Dr.Manetterealizedthatthesistermusthavebeenverybadlytreated.3、表语表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况，它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。表语的位置①通常位于连系动词之后，但下列情况下，置于连系动词之前。为了强调表语。InthenorthisScotland,withitscapitalEdinburgh.北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。②由How/What引出的感叹句中Whatacurioushotelitwas!③某些让步状语从句中Childastheboywas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.④“the+比较级…，the+比较级…结构中”。ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.英语你听得越多，就越容易听懂。4、宾语宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。宾语表示法①名词用作宾语。Bobaskedalltheairlinestoflythepopstarsforfree.②代词用作宾语。Itpickeditupinitsmouthandcarrieditintothebushes.③数词用作宾语。Canadacoverssixoftheworld''s24timeareas.④名词化的形容词用作宾语。She''salwayshelpingthepoorerthanherself.⑤副词用作宾语。Sincethenthenumberofmiludeertherehasgreatlyincreased.⑥不定式用作宾语Ijustdidn''twishtoputyoutothetroubleofchangingalargenote.⑦动名词作宾语或名词化分词（主要是过去分词）作宾语Whenshehadfinishedlisteningtothenews,Mrs.Cousinsturnedofftheradio.⑧句子用作宾语Isuggestthatyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.直接宾语和间接宾语可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有：bring,fetch,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,refuse,show,sing,teach,tell,write,buy,find,get,make,envy,return,sell等。Idon''tenvyyouyourjob.5、补足语补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、介词短语等。Hepersuadedotherpeopletoprovidemoneyortogivehelp.Ithinkyou''llfindthesematerialsmuchbetterandmuchmoresuitable.Thelioncouldstillbeseeninthebusheseatingthemeat.Thissongisthoughttobemostpopular.6、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。定语表示法Itwastheearliestresearchcentreforagriculture.（形容词用作定语）Theyhadbroughtapicniclunchwithhim.（名词用作定语）I''mlookingforanotherspeakerwhocouldgiveatalk.（代词用作定语）In1911,shereceivedasecondNobelPrizeforherresearch,becomingthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelprizes.（数词用作定语）Thewayoutliesinthedevelopmentofeducation.（副词用作定语）Thereareplentyofinterestingplacestovisit.（不定式用作定语）Everybodywasathisfightingpost.（动名词用作定语）Bytheendoftheyear,thetotalmoneycollectedhadcometoover92milliondollars,allofwhichweresenttoAfrica.（分词用作定语）Iknowawomanwhosethreesonsareallsoldiers.(句子用作定语)7.状语状语是指描述被描述对象的状态，包括时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，伴随状语，让步状语等。状语表示法1.副词，如carefully，例句:hedidhishouseworkcarefully2.介词短语,如intheclassroom，例句hedidhishomeworkcarefullyintheclassroom3.非谓语短语，如seenfromthetopofthemountain，或者whenfacingdifficulties，例句Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thehousesbeneathareverysmallWhenfacingdifficulties,weshouldkeepcalm4.从句，如时间状语从句，地点状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句等例句Hewillcomebacknextweekwhentheopeningceremonybegins.Hewillcometotheschoolwherehespenthischildhood.Althoughhefailedintheexam,henevergaveuphisgoals.Hefailedinhisexambecausehegivesuphisgoalshalfway.篇二：英语句子成分专业词汇英语语法专有名词中英对应名称语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structruralword名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretnoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possesivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun物主代词possecivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossesiveprnoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossesivepronoun冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform原形baseform从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofuealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句