非真实性话语作为语用策略的顺应性研究

20046154No.6,November2004JournalofForeignLanguagesGeneralSerialNo.154251004-5139200406-0025-07H030A1215104202.510631deception,DECVerschuerenDECDeceptionasaPragmaticStrategy:AnAdaptation-basedApproachHEZi-ran1,ZHANGShu-ling2(1.CLAL,GuangdongForeignStudiesUniversity,Guangzhou510420,China;2.FacultyofForeignLanguagesandCultures,SouthChinaNormalUniversity,Guangzhou510631,China)Abstract:Deception(DEC),asapragmaticstrategyofspeechacts,hasattractedgreatattentionofmanyscholarswhoconductedtheirresearchfromdifferentviewpointslikepsychology,sociologyandlinguisticpragmatics.Afterreviewingthepastresearchfromtheaboveviewpointsandpointingouttheirachievementsandlimitations,thispaperattemptstoapplyVerschueren’sadaptationtheorytoDECasapragmaticstrategyofspeechacts.TheauthorsconcludethatDECsareactuallytheoutcomesoflinguisticchoicesinteradaptablewithlanguageusers’mentalworld,socialworldandphysicalworld.Keywords:deception;pragmaticstrategy;speechacts;linguisticchoices;adaptationtheory1deceptionDECKant[1]Grice[2]Habermas[3]Barnes[4]Nyberg[5]Zagorin[6]DEC26[7]Verschueren[8]DEC22.1clues[9-11][12,13]DECDECLykkenarousaltheory[7]Codyetal[11]cognitivetheoryDECDEC[14:194]DECDEC2.2DEC[4:8]DECDECDECDEC2.3Grice[2]truthfulness?GriceMcCornack[15]InformationManipulationTheoryIMTGriceBrown&Levinson[16]Leech[17]GriceDEC[18]Searle[19][18:298]Sperber&Wilson[20]Grice27Sperber&WilsonGriceDECDECDECDECDECVerschuerenDEC3Verschueren[8][8:55-56][8:59-61]salienceDECDEC4DECDECChisholm&FeehanDEC[14]DEC[1,21]DECMcCornack[15]DECGriceDECGalasinski[22]DECGalasinskiDEC[8:59]DECDEC1instrumentalgoalDEC2relationalgoalDEC[23]DECself-orientedDECother-orientedDECpersuasion-orientedDECcriticalpoint-orientedDEC28non-freetopic-orientedDEC4.1DEC4.1.1DECDEC1200164.1.2DEC[17:131]DEC24.2DEC4.2.1DECDEC[23:5]3M:Comeon,David.Eatitup.It’sgettinglate.S:Idon’twantit!M:Ohwhy?Carrotsaregoodforyou.S:Idon’tlikethingsthataregoodforme.M:Sillyboy.Youneedcarrotsandtheymakeyouseeinthedark.ADEC4.2.2DECDEC429DEC4.2.3DECGoffmanLakoff[24:104-105]GoffmanLakoffDEC5DEC5DEC[8:61]DEC[8:76]5.1[8:87]6Maslow[25]DEC73019884DEC5.2[8:91-92]819925DEC5.3[8:95]920034DECDEC[1]Bok,S.Lying:MoralChoiceinPublicandPrivateLife[M].NewYork:VintageBooks,1979.[2]Grice,H.P.StudyintheWayofWords[M].Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1989.[3]Habermas,J.CommunicationandtheEvolutionofSociety[M].London:Heinemann,1979.31[4]Barnes,J.APackofLies[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1994.[5]NybergD.TheVarnishedTruth:Truthtellinganddeceivinginordinarylife[M].Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,1993.[6]ZagorinP.WaysofLying[M].CambridgeMA:HarvardUniversityPress,1990.[7]Miller,G.&Stiff,J.B.DeceptiveCommunication[M].NewburyPark,CA:Sage,1993.[8]Verschueren,J.UnderstandingPragmatics[M].:,1999.[9]Knapp,M.L.,Hart,R.P.&Dennis,H.S.Anexplorationofdeceptionasacommunicationconstruct[J].HumanCommunicationResearch,1974,(1):15-29.[10]Ekman,P.Lyingandnon-verbalbehaviour.Theoreticalissuesandnewfindings[J].JournalofNon-VerbalBehaviour,1988,12:163-176.[11]Cody,M.J.,Marston,P.J.&Foster,M.Deception:Paralinguisticandverballeakage[A].R.N.BostromCommunicationYearbook8[C].BeverlyHills,CA:Sage,1984.464-490.[12]Kraut,R.Verbalandnonverbalcuesintheperceptionoflying[J].JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1978,36:380-391.[13]Stiff,J.B.&Miller,G.R.“Cometothinkofit…”Interrogativeprobes,deceptivecommunication,anddeceptiondetection[J].HumanCommunicationResearch,1986,12:339-357.[14]BullerD.B.&BurgoonJ.K.Deception:Strategicandnon-strategiccommunication[A].J.A.Daly&J.M.Wiemann.StrategicInterpersonalCommunication.Hillsdale,N.J.:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,1994.[15]McCornack,S.A.Informationmanipulationtheory[J].CommunicationMonographs,1992,59:1-16.[16]BrownP.&LevinsonS.Universalsinlanguageusage:Politenessphenomena[A].GoodyN.Questionsandpoliteness[C].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1978.[17]Leech,GeoffreyN.PrinciplesofPragmatics[M].LongmanGroupLimited,1983.[18]Reboul,A.Thedescriptionofliesinspeechacttheory[A].H.Parret.PretendingtoCommunicate[C].Berlin,Germany:WalterdeGruyter,1993.292-298.[19]Searle,JohnR.ExpressionandMeaning:StudiesintheTheoryofSpeechActs[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1979.[20]Sperber,D.&Wilson,D.TruthfulnessandRelevance[J].Mind,2002,111:583-632.[21]Coleman,L.&Kay,P.Prototypesemantics:theEnglishwordLie[J].Language,1981,57(1):26-44.[22]Galasinski,D.TheLanguageofDeception:Adiscourseanalyticalstudy[M].California:SagePublications,Inc.,2000.[23]Tracy,K.&Coupland,N.MultipleGoalsinDiscourse[C].MultilingualMattersLtd.,1990.[24]Thomas,J.Cross-CulturalPragmaticFailure[J].AppliedLinguistics,1983,4(2):91-112.[25]Maslow,AbrahamH.MotivationandPersonality[M].ChinaSocialSciencesPublishingHouse,ChengchengBooksLtd.,1999.2003-12-251937Email:[e-mail]1968Email:[e-mail]