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专题六 构词法英语中把一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变的方法叫做构词法。常见的构词法主要有合成法、派生法和转换法。类别构成规则例子性质合成法由两个或更多的词合成一个词bedroom,bathroom,basketball,baseball,headache,toothache，newspaper,spaceship,friendship,everyone,anyone,everywhere,however,forever合成形容词作定语；合成名词作主语或宾语；合成动词作谓语；合成副词作状语类别构成规则例子性质派生法动词＋er/or(表示一类人)reader,listener,speaker,singer,dancer,worker,waiter,driver,learner,seller,keeper,inviter,writer,winner,actor,visitor,inventor,doctor,professor名词后缀类别构成规则例子性质派生法动词＋ressactress,waitress名词后缀形容词＋nessillness,sickness,happiness,carelessness,darkness,coldness动词＋tionaction,invention,operation,introduction,organization类别构成规则例子性质派生法动词＋mentmovement,development,achievement名词后缀名词＋hoodchildhood,motherhood,neighborhood＋dom表示“等级、领域或状态”freedom,kingdom,wisdom类别构成规则例子性质派生法＋ian，＋an，＋ese指某大陆或某国家的人Asian(亚洲人),African(非洲人),American(美国人),Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人)名词后缀类别构成规则例子性质动词＋ableerase→erasable(可擦掉的)change→changeable(可变化的)派生法名词＋ysunny,rainy,snowy,cloudy,windy,foggy形容词后缀类别构成规则例子性质派生法名词＋ful/lesshopeful,helpful,useful,careful,meaningful,hopeless,helpless,useless,careless,meaningless形容词后缀类别构成规则例子性质派生法动词＋ing/edrelax→relaxing/relaxed形容词后缀interest→interesting/interestedexcite→exciting/excitedsurprise→surprising/surprised类别构成规则例子性质形容词＋lybad→badly,safe→safely,slow→slowly,quick→quickly,careful→carefully,heavy→heavily,possible→possibly派生法un＋形容词unsafe,unlucky,unhappy,unusual,uncomfortable,unnecessary副词后缀类别构成规则例子性质派生法im＋形容词impolite,impossible,imperfect前缀(否定意义)dis＋名词/形容词/动词disadvantage(缺点)，dishonorable(不光彩的),disagree(不同意)，disappear(消失)类别构成规则例子性质mis＋名词/动词misfortune(不幸)，misunderstand(误解)non＋名词/动词/形容词non-existence(不存在)，non-stop(不停)派生法in＋形容词/名词incorrect(不正确的)，inability(无能；无力),前缀(否定意义)类别构成规则例子性质派生法re＋动词1.return(回来；返回)，recall(回忆；召回)2.review(复习)，restart(重新开始)，rewrite(重写)，retell(复述)3.rebel(反抗)动词前缀①表示“回”或“向后”的意思；②表示“重新；重复”；③表示“相反；反对”类别构成规则例子性质动词→名词walk→haveawalk,talk→haveatalkride→goforaridewater(水)→watertheflower(浇花)名词→动词fish(鱼)→fishinthesea(海上捕鱼)dry(干燥的)→drytheclothes(弄干衣服)转换法形容词→动词clean(干净的)→cleantheroom(打扫房间)词形不变，词性改变1.cloudn.云(朵)→adj.多云的2.difficultadj.困难的→n.困难3.easyadj.容易的→adv.容易地4.illadj.有病的→n.疾病5.humo(u)rn.幽默(感)→adj.幽默的6.African.非洲→n.非洲人/adj.非洲(人)的cloudydifficultyeasilyillness对点专练humo(u)rousAfrican7.educatev.教育→n.教育→educationaladj.教育的8.friendn.朋友→adj.友好的→friendshipn.9.differentadj.不同的→adv.不同地→n.差别10.harmv./n.损害；危害→adj.有害的11.interestn.兴趣→adj.有趣的→adj.感兴趣的educationfriendly友谊differentlydifferenceharmfulinterestinginterested12.boredadj.无聊的；烦人的→adj.令人厌烦的13.comfortableadj.舒服的→adj.不舒服的→comfortablyadv.舒服地14.deathn．死亡→v．死亡→deadadj.15.ableadj.能够的；有能力的→adj.不能的→n.能力→disabledadj.残疾的16.agreev.同意→n.协议；同意→v.不同意boringuncomfortabledie死去的unableabilityagreementdisagree17.beautifuladj.美丽的→n．美丽→adv.美丽地18.carev．/n.照顾→adj.仔细的；小心的→adv.仔细地→adj.粗心的19.dangern.危险→adj.危险的→endangeredadj.濒危的20.usev./n.使用→adj.有用的→adj.无用的→v.重复使用→reusableadj.可再用的beautybeautifullycarefulcarefullycarelessdangeroususefulreuseuseless构词法在阅读理解中的运用A模拟演练(A)B(B)C