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本科生毕业设计（论文）I摘要变速器是汽车的主要组成部分,其功能是改变传动比、改变驱动轮的扭矩和转动方向。变速器能在发动机旋转方向不变的前提下，使汽车倒退行驶，而且利用挡位可以中断动力的传递。所以变速器的结构设计的合理性直接影响到汽车动力性和经济性。设计要求达到换挡迅速、省力、方便、有较高的工作效率、工作噪声低。因此变速器在汽车中得到广泛应用。本次设计的是东风EQ1090载货型汽车变速器。它的布置方案采用三轴式5+1挡和锁销式同步器换挡，并对倒挡齿轮和拨叉进行合理布置，其中一轴和第二轴的轴线在同一直线上。这种布置形式缩短了变速器轴向尺寸，在保证挡数不变的情况下，减少齿轮数目，从而使变速器结构更加紧凑。首先利用已知参数确定各挡传动比，然后确定齿轮的模数、压力角、齿宽等参数。由中心矩确定箱体的长度、高度和中间轴及二轴的轴径，然后对中间轴和各挡齿轮进行校核，并利用MATLAB软件对中间轴的校核进行编程，验证各部件选取的可靠性。最后绘制装配图及零件图。设计结论表明，变速器齿轮及各轴尺寸确定，各轴强度的校核满足设计要求，设计结构合理。关键词：货车；变速器；设计；同步器本科生毕业设计（论文）IIAbstract.Gearboxisthekeypartoftheautomobile.Itisusedtochangethetransmissionratio,torqueandrunningdirectionofthedrivingwheel.Itcanchangethevehiclespeedandtyretorqueinabigscope,cutoffthepowertransferfromtheengine,andalsoprovidesareversetravelingdirectionforthevehicle.Therefore,thereasonabilityofthestructuredesignofatransmissiongearboxdirectlyaffectsthevehicle'sdynamicperformance.Itisusuallyrequiredshiftinggearsrapidlyandconveniently,savingforce,andhavingahigherworkingefficiencyandlowworkingnoises.ThisthesisdesignedamanualtransmissiongearboxoftheEQ1090ruck.Aschemeofstructurewiththreeshafts,5+1shiftsandsynchronizeradoptedhere,Combinetopourtoblockwheelgearandstirforktocarryonareasonabledecoration.wherethefirstandsecondshaftswerearrangedinline.Thiskindofstructurereducesthegearboxdimensionintheaxisdirection,Inassuranceblocktocountundertheconstantcircumstance,decreasewheelgearnumber.thereforemakesthedesignedtransmissiongearboxmorecompact.Usingthegivenbasicparameters,itwasfirstlydeterminedthetransmissionratioofeachshift,theshaftcenterdistances,thegearmodulus,thegearpressinganglesandwidths,andsoon.Andthenthegeneraldimensionofthegearbox,includingitslength,widthandheight.Thestressesoftheintermediateshaftandthegearswerevalidatedbyusingboththecalculatorandaself-madeMATLABprogram.Finally,someengineeringdrawingswerecarriedout.Thecalculatedresultsshow:thedetermineddimensionsandstressesofthedesignedgearsandshaftssatisfiedthedesignrequirements;theadoptedstructureisreasonable.Keywords:automobile；gearbox；design；synchronizer本科生毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章绪论......................................................................................................11.1变速器的简介............................................................................................11.2变速器的功用............................................................................................1第2章变速器设计方案及论证..........................................................................32.1变速器的要求............................................................................................32.2变速器的设计方法论证............................................................................3第3章变速器设计方案论证..............................................................................53.1变速器基本参数的确定............................................................................53.1.1轴的直径的初步确定.............................................................................53.2齿轮参数的设计........................................................................................6第4章变速器各档齿轮的校核........................................................................134.1齿轮弯曲应力的计算..............................................................................134.1.1二轴一倒挡直齿轮Z5校核..................................................................134.1.2二轴二挡斜齿轮Z4校核......................................................................144.1.4二轴三挡斜齿轮Z3校核......................................................................................144.2齿轮接触应力计算..................................................................................154.2.1二轴一挡直齿轮Z7校核..........................................................164.2.2二轴倒挡直齿轮Z10校核..........................................................164.2.3二轴二挡斜齿轮Z5校核...........................................................164.2.4二轴三挡斜齿轮Z3校核...........................................................17第五章变速器第二轴的校核............................................................................185.1轴的直径的初步确定..............................................................................185.2变速器轴的校核......................................................................................185.2.1第二轴的刚度校核.......................................................................195.2.2第二轴的强度校核.......................................................................21第6章同步器的设计........................................................................................236.1同步器的功用..........................................................................................236.2同步器的种类..........................................................................................236.3同步器的参数的确定..............................................................................246.3.1摩擦因数.......................................................................................24本科生毕业设计（论文）IV6.3.2同步环主要尺寸确定...................................................................24第7章变速器操纵机构....................................................................................267