大自然中的好妈妈

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大自然中的好妈妈第一部分:自然中的中国大自然中的语文我没想到我竟如此鲁莽,和妈妈吵了一架独自瞪上自行车一气之下不知走了多远。停下来双脚着地,大喘了半天。耳边不时还想起跑出门时,妈妈说的那番话:“兰兰啊!还是选择英语吧!中考能加分呢!语文,就当是一项爱好行吗?”越想我越是心烦,索性不要想了。顷刻间,一抬头,啊!好美的景色。我看呆了。于是,把车子停在一边,坐在草坪上,望着湖中的水。湖水是绿色的,因为没有一丝风,湖显得十分平静,宛如一面镜子。湖上的游船激起地一圈圈涟漪慢慢地向四周扩散开来,好美丽!在湖的不远处有一片树林。我漫步在树林里,婉转的鸟鸣仿佛天籁之音一般在心中激起一圈圈涟漪。也许是盛夏的缘故吧!花儿都显得十分有精神地站在那献媚,伴着青草绿树的搭配,花儿显得更加娇艳了。走了不知多久,又回到了原点,累的躺在了绿油油的草地上。草很软,很软。仿佛是世界上最软的棉花做的,使我感到十分惬意。躺在草地上,过了很久才睁开眼睛,天是那么蓝,好像被洗过一般,纯纯的,毫无肮脏之处。云白白的,好像前几天吃的棉花糖一般。轻轻的,薄薄的好像一阵风就能把它们吹跑掉。鸟儿们不时在天空飞过,来展示它们的英姿。此时,惬意的躺在草地上,心情已经恢复过来了,才明白大自然如同一名老师在教导着我们语文。此时,灵感特好,把所看见的都写在了脑子里。蹬上自行车,飞快地骑着。夕阳拉长了我的影子。谁能说大自然中没有语文呢?篇二:大自然中的生物(j)Acellcyclecheckpointhasbeenidentifiedinthisphase.2.同一个体不同组织的细胞中,核仁的大小和数目都有很大的变化,这种变化和细胞中蛋白质合成的旺盛程度有关。()3.将同步生长的M期细胞与同步生长的S期细胞融合,除了见到正常的染色体外,还可见到细线状的染色体。()4.在有丝分裂后期,通过对周期蛋白的遍在蛋白多聚化,介导周期蛋白被蛋白酶体降解,从而退出M期。()5.核纤层是由核纤层蛋白A、核纤层蛋白B和核纤层蛋白C构成的,其中只有核纤层蛋白A与内核膜相连,核纤层蛋白B和C则与染色质相连。()6.在细胞周期中,如果纺锤体装配不正常,则被阻止G2期。7.结合有核糖体的内质网被称为粗面内质网,脱去核糖体的内质网则称为光面内质网。()8.同源异型框是一类同源异型基因表达产物中60个氨基酸的保守序列,它的突变可以改变发育的方向。()9.叶绿体的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由16个亚基组成的聚合体,其中8个大亚基是核基因编码的。()10.有丝分裂器中有三种类型的纺锤体微管,其中星微管的可能作用是给核分裂传递信号。()11.在减数分裂过程中,染色体间发生的分子重组是随机发生的。()三、选择题(请将正确答案的代号填入括号,每题1分,共15分)1.Ethylalcoholisdetoxifiedintheliver.Youwouldexpectalcoholtohavewhichofthefollowingeffectsonlivercells?()a.Nucleardegenerationb.GrowthofthesmoothERc.Increasedlysosomesd.GrowthofroughERe.Noneoftheabove2.Whichofthefollowingproteinswouldnotbefoundinthesmoothendoplasmicreticulum?()a.Ca2+-pumpingenzymesb.cytochromeP450c.glucose6-phosphatased.signalpeptidase3.Whichofthefollowingexplainswhymicrosomescan'tbeseenincellsviewedwiththeelectronmicroscope?()a.Theyarefartoosmall.b.Theyareartifactsofhomogenizationandcentrifugation.c.Theyaretransparenttoelectrons.d.Theyactuallycanbeseeninelectronmicrographsofcells.4.IfyoucomparedtheproteinsinacisGolgicompartmentwiththoseinatransGolgicompartment,youwouldfind:()a.theproteinsinthetwocompartmentsareidentical.b.theproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentarenotmodified.c.theproteinsintheciscompartmentareglycosylated,whereasthoseinthetranscompartmentareglycosylatedandcontainmodifiedaminoacids.d.theproteinsoftheciscompartmentareshorterthanthoseofthetranscompartment.5.WhichtypeofvesicleofthetransGolginetworkwouldbemostlikelytocarryhormonesdestinedforregulatedsecretion?()a.lysosomalvesiclesb.clathrin-coatedvesiclesc.non-clathrin-coatedvesiclesd.alloftheabove6.Ifyoutreatedcellswithadrugthatinterfereswithmicrotubules,suchascolchicine,whichofthefollowingwouldresult?()a.Cellshapewouldbedisrupted.b.Mitosisandmeiosiswouldnotoccur.c.Theintracellularlocationoforganelleswouldbedisrupted.d.Alloftheabovewouldresult.7.Firstyoudissolvethemembranefromanintactflagellum,usingthedetergentTritonX-100.NextyousoaktheaxonemeinasolutioncontainingEDTA,whichremovestheMg2+.Whatremainsoftheaxonemeafterthesetreatments?()peripheraltubulesonlyb.peripheraltubulesandcentraltubules,butnosidearmsorATPaseactivityc.peripheraltubules,centraltubules,sidearms,andATPaseactivityd.peripheraltubules,centraltubules,sidearms,ATPaseactivity,andaMembrane8.Thesarcoplasmicreticulummusthaveintegralmembraneproteinsthatcan:a.releaseandpumpCa2+.()b.bindtotropomyosinandtroponin.c.undergoactionpotentials.d.contract.Whenchromatinistreatedwithnonspecificnucleases,whatisthelengthofthereultingpiecesofDNA?a.randomnumbersofbasepairsb.about60basepairsc.about8basepairsd.about200basepairs10.Whatdotelomeresdo?()a.Theyprotectthechromsomesfromdegradationbynucleases.b.Theypreventtheendsofchromosomesfromfusingwithoneanother.c.Theyarerequiredforcompletechromosomalreplication.d.alloftheabove11.Cyclinconcentrationsarehighestduringwhichperiodsofthecellcycle?()a.lateG1andearlySb.lateG2andearlyMc.lateG1andlateG2d.lateMandlateSARF是一种单体G蛋白,它有一个GTP/GDP结合位点,当结合有GDP时,没有活性。若ARF-GDP同()结合,可引起GDP和GTP的交换。a.GTPase;b.GTP酶激活蛋白;c.Ca2+-ATPased.鸟嘌呤核苷释放蛋白。13.用剧烈方法分离到的叶绿体是Ⅱ型叶绿体,不能()。a.产生O2b.不能合成ATPc.不能产生NADPHd.不能固定CO214.细胞的生长和分化在本质上是不同的,生长是细胞数量的增加、干重的增加;而细胞分化则是:()a.形态结构发生变化;b.生理功能发生变化;c.生化特征发生变化;d.以上都是正确的。15.真核生物的基因表达调控发生在四个水平上。通过对DNA的甲基化来关闭基因的调控则是属于()。a.染色质活性水平的调控;b.转录水平调控;c.转录后加工水平的调控;d.翻译水平的调控。四、简答题(选做4题,每题5分,20分)1.Howdoesregulatedsecretiondifferfromconstitutivesecretion?2.Dynamicinstabilitycausesmicrotubuleseithertogrowortoshrinkrapidly.Consideranindividualmicro-tubulethatisinitsshrinkingphase.WhatwouldhappenifthesolutioncontainedananalogueofGTPthatcannotbehydrolyzed?3.Statetheconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthefollowingfinding:Whenananimalcellistreatedwithcolchicine,itsmicrotubulesdepolymerizeandvirtuallydisappear.Ifthecolchicineisthenwashedaway,theMTsappearagain,beginningatthecentrosomeandelongatingoutwardatabouttherate(1gm/min)atwhichtubulinpolymerizesinvitro.4.什么是蛋白质N-连接糖基化和O-连接糖基化?发生在何种部位?5.过氧化物酶体是怎样进行氧浓度调节的?有什么意义?五、计算与推理(第1题必做,2、3选一题,每题5分,共10分)1.Inanelectronmicrographofahumanchromosomespread,youobserveathickfiberwithalengthofabout900nmandanapparentdiameterof30nm,whichisexpectedforthesolenoidstructureofcondensedchromatin.Whatisthelengthinbasepairsofthedouble-helicalDNApresentint

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