高中英语各种变化规则整理(名词单复数、过去式、三单、形容词变副词等)

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1高中英语各种变化规则总结(附高考真题考查示例)名词的复数一、可数名词的复数变化规则1、一般情况加sbook--booksmouth--mouthshouse--housesgirl--girlstime--times(2014辽宁)change--changes(2014I卷)hour--hours(2014II卷改错)painting--paintings(2015I卷)day--days(2016I卷)year--years(2016III卷改错)effect--effects(2017I卷)parent--parents(2015II卷改错)2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加esclass--classesbox--boxesmatch--matches注意:stomach的复数形式直接加s3、以y结尾辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加escity--citiescountry--countriesparty--partiesstudy--studies(2016II卷)enemy--enemies(2016江苏)元音字母+y结尾的,直接加sday--days(2016I卷)boy--boyskey--keystoy--toys4、以o结尾少数(4个),加esNegroesheroespotatoestomatoes其他,加sradioszoosbamboospianoskilosphotos5、以f或fe结尾多数,变f或fe为vesthiefwifewolfleafknifelifehalfshelfloafselfThethief’swifekilledthreewolveswithsomeleavesandknivesinhalfofherlife.其他,加sbelief--beliefsroof--roofssafe--safesgulf--gulfs二、不规则的复数变化ox--oxenchild--childrenfoot--feettooth--teethgoose--geesemouse--micelouse--liceman--menwoman--womenEnglishman--EnglishmenDutchman--Dutchmen注意:Germans,Americans,Russians英语中的某些外来词,其复数变化很特殊:phenomenon--phenomena现象penny--pennies/pence便士formula--formulae公式bacterium--bacteria细菌medium--media媒体datum--data资料crisis--crises危机basis--bases基础thesis--theses论文三、单复同形deer,sheep,fish(条数),bison(野牛),works(工厂)people(人),series(系列),species(种类)Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,means,crossroads,headquarters(总部)spacecraft,aircraftinthe1980s或1980’s在二十世纪八十年代形容词变副词1、一般情况,直接加lyquick--quicklyactual--actually(2014I卷)regular--regularly(2015I卷)official--officially(2016I卷)serious--seriously(2015I卷改错)gradual--gradually(2016III卷)free--freely(2016III卷改错)recent--recently(2016江苏)slow--slowly(2015II卷)wonderful--wonderfully(2014I卷改错)sudden--suddenly(2014II卷)helpful---helpfully(2014II卷改错)soft--softly(2014辽宁)2、以y结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将y改成i,再加-ly;若读音为/ai/,则直接加-ly.happy--happilylucky--luckilyheavy-heavily,angry-angrily,busy-busily,dry-dryly,shy-shyly.steady--steadily(2016I卷改错)3、以e结尾元音加e结尾,去e加lytrue-truly辅音加e结尾,直接加lypolite--politelyfortunate--fortunatelyimmediate--immediately4、以l结尾一个l结尾的,直接加lycareful--carefullywonderful--wonderfully两个l结尾的,直接加y5、以le结尾的,去e加ypossible--possiblyterrible--terribly(2015II卷改错)gentle--gentlysimple--simply6、以ic结尾的词,加-ally,如:economic-economically,scientific-scientifically,energetic-energetically.7、特殊的副词变形good--well注意:1、以ly结尾的形容词friendly,lovely,weekly,timely,lively,lonely,likely,deadly,ugly,silly2、fast,early,straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly。例如:Herunsfast.Canyougivemeafastanswer?3、有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式,但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意。2例如:(1)不加ly的副词表示具体,加ly表示抽象。wide(形容词,宽阔的,睁大的)--wide(副词,睁大地)--widely(副词,广泛地)high(形容词,高的)--high(副词,高地)--highly(副词,高度地)close(形容词,近的,亲密的)--close(副词,近地)--closely(副词,紧密地)deep(形容词,深的)--deep(副词,深地)--deeply(副词,深度地)(2)两种副词完全不同。late(形容词,晚的)--late(副词,晚地)--lately(副词,最近)hard(形容词,困难的)--hard(副词,努力地)--hardly(副词,几乎不)most(形容词,多数的)--most(副词,最)--mostly(副词,主要地)just(形容词,公正的,恰当的)--just(副词,恰好)--justly(副词,公正地)比较级和最高级一、规则变化1、一般情况,加erestsmall--smaller--smallestshort--shorter--shortestgreat--greater(2016II卷)clean--cleaner(2014I卷)2、以不发音的e结尾,加--r--stlarge--larger--largestnice--nicer--nicest3、重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加erestbig--bigger--biggesthot--hotter--hottestfat--fatter--fattestthin--thinner--thinnestsad--sadder--saddestwet--wetter--wettest4、以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变i加eresteasy--easier--easiestheavy--heavier--heaviestbusy--busier--busiesthappy--happier--happiest5、多音节词或以ful,less,able,ous,ing,ed,ive结尾,在前面加moremostbeautiful--morebeautiful--mostbeautifuldifferent--moredifferent--mostdifferentcrowded--morecrowded--mostcrowdeddangerous--moredangerous--mostdangerous二、不规则变化good/well--better--bestbad/ill--worse--worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much--more--mostlittle--less--leastfar--further/farther--furthest/farthest动词的第三人称单数变化规则1、一般情况,直接加--sworksgetsreadslook--looks(2014II卷改错)2、以ch,sh,s,x或以o结尾,加--eswash-washescatch--catchesdo--doesgo--goes(2015II卷)3、以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变i加--esstudy--studiestry--triescarry--carriesfly--flies以元音字母加y结尾,直接加--sstayssaysplays现在分词和动名词的变化规则1、一般情况,直接加inggoingplayingknowingwear--wearing(2016III卷改错)hold--holing(2014辽宁)2、以不发音的e结尾,去e再加ingarrive--arrivingcome--comingmake--makingintroduce--introducing(2016I卷)use--using(2016III卷以及2015II卷)care--caring(2016江苏)live--living(2015I卷)amaze--amazing(2014I卷)3、以重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母再加ingrun--runningswim--swimmingput--puttingsit--sittingbegin--beginningplan--planningcut--cuttingget--gettingshop--shoppingchat--chattingstop--stoppingregret--regretting4、以ie结尾,把ie变y加ingtie--tyingdie--dyinglie--lying5、其他ski--skiing过去式和过去分词的变化规则1、一般情况,直接加edworkedplayedwantedactedallow--allowed(2016I卷)conduct--conducted(2015I卷)call--called(2014辽宁)2、以不发音的e结尾,直接加dlivedmoved(2016江苏改错)arrive--arrived(2015I卷)decideddeclinedhopedraised3、以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变i加edstudy--studiedtry--triedcopy--copiedcry--cried以元音字母加y结尾,直接加edstayedplayed4、重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加edstoppedbeggeddroppedplannedsteppedprefer--preferred(更喜欢)infer--inferred(推断)refer--referred(提及;指;参考)occur--occurred(发生)regret--regretted(后悔)control--controlled(控制)permit--permitted(允许)(2016I卷)equip--equipped(装备)注意:offer--offered(提供)suffer--suffered(遭受)

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