九型人格九型人格(Enneagram)九型人格(Enneagram)之起源可追溯至二千多年前阿富汗一帶,這被視為古巴比倫的民間智慧,由阿拉伯的蘇菲(Sufi)族傳承,以口相傳,為教派的靈修學問。由於它準確地濃縮及結合了不同人格歸類原則,經過當代心理學的實證,對了解人性心理發展有莫大啟示.了解我们的人格,如何成为个人灵性道路上的关键所在,不论我们信奉的是哪一种宗教;认清我们勿需“克服”我们的人格,而是去善待它、了解它并运用它帮助自己成长。WhatistheEnneagramusefulfor?TheEnneagramismainlyadiagnostictoolofone'semotionaloutlookonlife.Itwillnotcureone'sproblems,butmayhelppointouttheirunderlyingfixations.Itisalsousefulasaguidetohowotherpeopleseetheworlddifferently.TheEnneagramhasbecomeparticularlypopularwithintheself-helpandpersonalgrowthmovements,butotherprofessionsuseitaswell,includingtherapists,teachers,psychologists,managers,andbusinesspeople.人分三类九型脑中心型(Head):容易活在过去、喜欢搜集和保存资料、讲道理、喜欢思考和反省、主要的情绪底调是安全\焦虑;观察者、质问者、享乐者思考、恐惧、偏执心中心型(Heart):活在现在、关注人和内心感受、主要的情绪底调是对人的认同\敌意;助人者、实践者、浪漫者感觉、渴望、想象腹中心型(Belly):活在未来,喜欢解决问题、看重事实、遵循本能和习惯、主要的情绪底调是压抑\攻击;支配者、媒介者、完美者存在、愤怒、自我遗忘九型人格1:完美者(ThePerfectionist)\革新型(TheReformer)2:给予者(TheGiver)\助人型(TheHelper)3:实践者(ThePerformer)\成就型(TheAchiever)\激励型(TheMotivator)4:浪漫者(TheRomantic)\个别型(TheIndividualist)\艺术型(TheArtist)5:观察者(TheObserver)\调查型(TheInvestigator)\思考型(TheThinker)6:质问者(TheQuestioner)\保守型(TheLoyalist)7:享乐者(TheEpicure)\热情型(TheEnthusiast)8:支配者(TheBoss)\挑战型(TheChallenger)9:媒介者(TheMediator)\和平型(ThePeacemaker)九型人格测评TheQuickEnneagramSortingTest(QUESTVersion1.0,December2003)TheRiso-HudsonEnneagramTypeIndicator(RHETIVersion2.5)测验样例1.I'vebeenromanticandimaginative.pragmaticanddowntoearth.2.Ihavetendedtotakeonconfrontations.avoidconfrontations.每一种人格都可能更完善或更恶化;人格整合的方向有2种:1-7-5-8-2-4-19-3-6-91要学习7之任性、放松、不那么努力;7要学习5之多收集资料、深入思考;5要学习8之超强行动力;8要学习2之有爱心及同理倾听;2要学习4之多做自我探索;4要学会完善自我;9要学习3之活跃及超强行动力;3要学习6之思辩及强烈维护;6要学习9之沉稳和宽厚;评分统计各答案的数量;最多的2~3个第一型:完美型——D第二型:助人型——F第三型:行动型——C第四型:特别型——E第五型:思考型——H第六型:防御型——B第七型:热情型——I第八型:支配型——G第九型:和平型——A第一型完美主义者(TheReformer)theconfrontingideal-seeker.Yourbestteacherisyourlastmistake.-RalphNaderBasicFear:Ofbeingcorrupt/evil,defectiveBasicDesire:Tobegood,tohaveintegrity,tobebalancedEnneagramOnewithaNine-Wing:“TheIdealist”(理想主义者)EnneagramOnewithaTwo-Wing:“TheAdvocate“(倡议者)1型特征基本缺失:EVERYTHINGISPERFECTASITIS.并非完美的就是好的;补偿观念:Becausetheworldjudgesandpunishes“bad”behavior,youmustgainworthinessandlovethroughbeingasgoodandperfectaspossible.通过做得更好更完美来赢得尊重和爱。应对策略:Comparingselftoothers.Noticingerrorandcorrectingit.Suppressingangerandimpulses.Beingasresponsibleandrightasyoucanbe.陷阱:Endlesslytryingtogainworthinessbybeingcorrect.1型特征心理动力源(DrivingEnergy):ANGER,RESENTMENT,andGUILTatthingsthatarewrongorthatdon’tmeethighstandards.心理逃避(Avoidance):Makingmistakes,losingselfcontrol,beingsowrongthatyouareunworthy.优势(strengths):Highintegrity(正直),concernforimprovement,industrious(勤奋),responsible.悖论(Paradox):Althoughitseemslikethereisoneright,bestwaytobe,therearemultiplerightanswers;whatisrightisnotnecessarilywhatisbest.(尽管看起来有最正确的答案,但正确通常是复杂的,对的并非一定是最好的。)1型个性完善的钥匙(KeystoPathofDevelopment)Understandthatcorrectnessandrightnessareonlypartofnaturalorder,notall.(正确并非全部)Compassionfortheself.(与自己比较)Recognizeandminimizetheinternalcriticalvoice.(识别和降低自我批判的声音)Allowtimetorelax,toplay,andtoacceptyourselfasyouare.(学会放松和娱乐,接受自己的本初)Acceptdifferences,mistakes,naturaldesiresandthe“darkSide.“(接受差异、错误、原始欲望和黑暗面)HEALTHY是优秀的组织计划人才,对错误和漏洞有良好的直觉;对公正、客观有特殊的追求;有很强的责任感和高目标;超常聪明,永远知道怎样做最恰当;UNHEALTHYHighlycriticalbothofselfandothers:picky,judgmental,perfectionistic.爱批评自己和别人,内心拥有一张列满“应该”与“不应该”的清单;严重时出现高度self-righteousandinflexible,眼里只有“TheTruth”。认真、尽责,希望在所有的事情上都保持理性和绝对正确,很难为了自己而轻松玩乐,因为他们以超高标准来审查自己的行为;老是觉得做得还不够;Afraidofmakingamistake:everythingmustbeconsistentwiththeirideals,往往因为害怕不够完美而耽误了事情;可能出现Severedepressionsandnervousbreakdowns有种道德优越感,他们厌恶那些不守规矩的人;Impatient,neversatisfiedwithanything。Moralizing,scolding,abrasive,andindignantlyangry.U.S.Presidents,leaders,diplomatsArtists,entertainers,humanitariansIntellectual/ScientificleadersOtherCulturalauras1GeorgeWashingtonAbrahamLincoln(1w9)GroverClevelandWoodrowWilson(1w9)HillaryClinton(1w2)ColinPowellAristotleWilhelmLeibnitzConfuciusAynRandJamesWatsonAncientGreeceHarrisonFordJaneFondaCélineDionMichaelDukakis第二型给予者或助人者在时间、精力和事务三方面都表现出主动;乐于助人、普遍乐观以及慷慨大方;由于他们都不肯承认自己的需要,也难以向人呼吁求助,所以总是无意识地透过人际关系来满足自己的需要;在自己最被人所需的时候,感到最快乐;对别人的需求和感觉非常敏锐,能够恰当地表现出能够吸引别人的那部分人格;善于给予,更胜于接受;有时候会操纵别人,为得到而给出,有时候是天生的照顾者和支持者;为了使别人成功美满,第二型的人能够运用他们天生的同理心给出对方真正需要的事物;第二型助人者(Thehelper)Theembracingpower-seeker.TheCaring,InterpersonalType:Generous,Demonstrative,People-Pleasing,andPossessiveBasicFear:Ofbeingunwanted,unworthyofbeinglovedBasicDesire:TofeellovedEnneagramTwowithaOne-Wing:“Servant”(仆人)EnneagramTwowithaThree-Wing:“TheHost/Hostess”(主人)Helper特征基本缺失:AllneedsaresatisfiedthroughaUNIVERSALWILL,awillgreaterthanthatoftheindividual.所有人都要被满足;补偿观念:Togetyoumustgive.Tobelovedyoumustbeneeded.想获得爱必须给予,必须被需要;应对策略:Gettingownneedsmetthroughbeingneededandactivelygivingtoothers.Focusingattentiononothers‘needsandrepressingownneeds.通过被需要和积极付出来满足自己;关注他人的需要,压抑自己的需要;陷阱:Obtainingpersonalfulfillmentthroughmeetingothers‘needs.通过满足他人的需要来获得个人满足;Hel