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InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)环小丽2011312866•Introduction•Reinforcinginternationalcooperation•Ensuringsufficientresources•Thehistoryofinternationalmonetaryfund•Theactivitiesof----•Theaims•Anadaption•Thetools•HowtobeonememberofIMFIntroduction•Alatestnews：worldleaderslaunchactionplantocombatfinancialcrisisonNovember15,2008•TheaimsisatresolvingtheglobalfinancialcrisisandsupportingtheIMF’scapacitytocontributetotheseefforts•ManagingDirectorStrauss-Kahnsaid:1)Theemphasisonfiscalstimulusisessentialtorestoreglobalgrowth2)Thedeclarationrecognizesthatsomecountrieshavemoreroomformaneuverthanothers3)Theglobalstimulusneedstobelarge,intheorderof2percentofworldGDP,tomakeasizeabledifferencetoglobalgrowthprospectsReinforcinginternationalcooperation•Strauss-KahnnotedG-20’sendorsementofstrengtheningtheIMF’smandateintheareasofmacroeconomicsurveillance，lendingtomembercountriesinneed，andprovidingassistancetobuildupcapacityinemergingmarketanddevelopingcountries•ItsroleinreformoffinancialmarketsisbasedonitsresponsibilityforsurveillanceoftheglobalfinancialsystemEnsuringsufficientresourcesThesufficientresourcescanhelptoovercomecrisis.Ithasactedtohelpemergingmarketscaughtupinthecrisis----loansforHungaryandUkraine----agreementinprinciplewithPakistan----aloanforIcelandThehistory(5period)1)Cooperationandreconstruction(1994-1917)2)TheendoftheBrettonWoodsSystem(1972-1981)3)Debtandpainfulreforms(1982-1989)4)Theendofcommunism(1989-2004)5)Continuedglolalization(2005-present)1)Cooperationandreconstruction(1994-1917)---foundreason:breakdownininternationalmonetarycooperation---itwasconceivedinJuly1944---itcameintoformalexistenceinDecember1945---itsmembershipbegantoexpandinthelate1950sandduringthe1960s2)TheendoftheBrettonWoodsSystem(1972-1981)---byearly1960s,dollar’sfixedvalue,undertheBrettonWoodssystemoffixedexchangerates---thesystemcollapse,themembershavebeenfreetochooseanyformofexchangearrangement3)Debtandpainfulreforms(1982-1989)---theoilshocksofthe1970s---during1970s,expansionaryfiscalpoliciesandovervaluedexchangerates---crisisbrokeoutinMexicoin19824)Theendofcommunism(1989-2004)---thefallofBerlinwallin1989andthedissolutionoftheSovietUnionin1991enabledittobeauniversalinstitution---itsstaffexpandedbynear30percent5)Continuedglolalization(2005-present)---thesharpriseinprivateinternationalcapitalflows---globalizationaffectscountrieslabor,trade,andtaxpoliciesThe5activities•Policyadvicetogovernmentsandcentralbanksbasedonanalysisofeconomictrendsandcross-countryexperience•Research,statistics,forecasts,andanalysisbasedontrackingofglobal，regional，andindividualeconomiesandmarkets•Loanstohelpcountriesovercomeeconomicdifficulties•Confessionalloantofightpovertyindevelopingcountries•TechnicalassistanceandtrainingtohelpcountriesimprovethemanagementoftheireconomiesTheaims•Themajordisciplineistherequirementthatexchangeratesbefixedtothedollar•TheIMF’smaingoalistoensurethestabilityoftheinternationalmonetaryandfinancialsystem•ThefoundersaimedtobuildaframeworkforeconomiccooperationthatwouldavoidarepetitionofthedisastrouseconomicpoliciesWhatareFundthatcontinuetodo？•Provideaforumforcooperationoninternationalmonetaryproblems•Facilitatethegrowthofinternationaltrade，thuspromotingjobcreation，economicgrowthandpovertyreduction•Promoteexchangeratestabilityandanopensystemofinternationalpayment•Lendcountriesforeignexchangewhenneeded，ontemporarybasisandunderadequatesafeguards，tohelpthemaddressbalanceofpaymentproblemsSeveralwaysofanadapting•EnhancingInternationalMonetaryFundlendingfacilities•Strengtheningthemonitoringofglobal，regional，andcountryeconomies•Helpingresolveglobaleconomicimbalance•Analyzingcapitalmarketdevelopment:•Assessingfinancialsectorvulnerabilities•Workingtocutpoverty•ImprovingIMFgovernance•GreateraccountabilityandtransparencyThetools•Threemaintools:1)economicsurveillance----monitorglobal,regional,andnationaleconomicdevelopment;seektoassesstheimpactoftheeconomicpoliciesofindividualcountriesonothereconomies2)technicalassistanceandtraining----aimtohelpmembercountriesstrengthentheircapacitytodesignandimplementeffectivepolicies----fourareas:a.monetaryandfinancialpoliciesb.fiscalpolicyandmanagementc.statisticsd.askfortechnicalassistanceinworksection3)lending----itcanbetappedtofacilitaterecovery----continuedfinancialsupport----thememberscanborrowgoldandforeigncurrenciesfromFund----itprovidelow-incomecountieswithloansataconfessionalrateHowtobeamember?•Tobecomeamember,acountrymustapplyandthenbeacceptedbyamajorityoftheexistingmembers;uponjoining,theyareassignedaquotawhichdelineatesseveralbasicaspects•Collaboratingwithothers•CooperatingwithotherinternationalorganizationsBasicaspects•Subscriptions:itdeterminesthemaximumamountoffinancialresourcesthememberisobligedtoprovidetotheInternationalMonetaryFund.•Votingpower:Eachmemberhas250basicvoteplusoneadditionalvoteforeachSDR(SpecialDrawingRights特别提款权)100,000ofquota.•Accesstofinancing（融资渠道）•SDRallocations（特别提款权配额）:itusedasaninternationalreserveasset.Collaboratingwithothers•CollaborationwiththeWorldBank•Relation:----Differfrome