高考英语语法填空总论高考英语语法句法三大从句虚拟语气特殊句式倒装、省略、强调、反义疑问其他简单句、并列句等词法谓语动词10大时态、语态、主谓一致非谓语动词3大非谓语成分、时态语态情态动词虚拟用法、推测用法等其他名词、冠词、形容词、副词、介词、代词考察内容•(1)无提示词:通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。一个空格只能填一个单词。•(2)有提示词(用括号中所给词填空):谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。有提示词解题•1,括号内提供的是动词谓语动词•有提示词•与主语构成主谓结构1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(07广州一模)2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(08深圳二模)3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(08广东)wastoldkept考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致考点分析results当句中缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑__________、__________、__________、__________等四个方面。【确定时态的3条依据】(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来),空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据。但需注意:客观事实或真理可能时态不一致;直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。(3)依据时间状语。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用;bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常与完成时连用。解题技巧时态、语态、语气、主谓一致非谓语动词•有提示词•除谓语动词以外的动词形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.(17广州一模)2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!(17广二模)3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.(08深圳二模)4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows(眉毛)(raise).(11广州一模)receivingtocompleteincluded考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用考点分析raised•当句中已有谓语动词,横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing,done,todo)。词性转换•有提示词•介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).(07深圳一模)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.(16惠二模)3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.(16广东)4.____________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.(16汕头水平考试)rudelysuggestion考查语法点:各类词性的正确使用及转化考点分析naturalUndoubtedly•2,括号内提供的是形容词或副词•Atlast,hercourageand________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.•Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher...3,括号内提供的是名词单数名词冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。•如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后,则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记,要考虑名词是否变复数,是否用所有格形式等。•Oneofmyfather’sfavorite________(say)asIwasgrowingupwas“Tryit!”•当括号内提供的是名词时,还可能考查形容词。•There,myvoicesoundsreally________(wonder)becausethere’saslightechotoit.•有时也可能考查副词、动词等•Acertainmanplantedaroseandwateredit________(faith)andbeforeitblossomed,heexaminedit.当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决:(1)作主语或宾语用_________形式。(2)在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some,any,alotof等)、介词后还没有名词时,就用_________形式。(3)作定语、表语或补足语用__________形式。(4)作状语,修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,或放在句首修饰全句,用_______。(5)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时,无需改变词性,而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀,也可能用其比较级或最高级。解题技巧名词名词形容词副词在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的,也不用汉语注明,因此,掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看,词类转换仅考查了以下3点:(1)形容词→副词。(2)形容词→名词。(3)名词→形容词。无提示词解题•一,冠词•1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey…Sothefarmerkilled____goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.•2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas____shy,nervousperfectionist(完美主义者).•3.….theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___smalltownsome20kilometersaway.•4.Istillremembertaking____visitingfriendfromCanadatoalocalBlackCountrypubforlunch.•下列情况很可能填不定冠词:•(1)________+可数n.(单数);•(2)________+形容词+可数n.(单数)。•下列情况下很可能填:•(1)_____(+形容词)+n.+of等介词短语•(表示特指);•(2)_____(+形容词)+n.+定语从句(表示特指);•(3)_____(+形容词)+n.+不定式短语或分词短语•(表示特指)考点二:介词(1)介词+宾语(名词)(2)不及物动词+介词+宾语1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_________sale.4.Hewasverytired_____________doingthisforawholeday…ofat考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配考点分析onfrom无提示词:注意固定搭配betiredfrom因…厌倦考点三:代词(1)作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。(2)指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等考查语法点:代词的基本用法考点分析1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_________wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:asmile…itherme•无提示词无提示词:代词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括1.人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等)、2.指示代词(it/this等)、3.不定代词(something/anything等)、4.名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers等)、5.疑问代词(which/who等)、6.反身代词(不能作主语)(myself/yourself等)在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)。考点四:连词或从句引导词•两个主谓结构连接1.Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains_______theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,_______factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter(柜台)______someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckup(拔起)allofhiscropafewinches.whywhen考查语法点:各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法考点分析wherethat•无提示词•如果两个句子之间(两个主谓结构之间)没有分号或者句号,也没有关联词连接或者引导,这时应该考虑填并列连词或者从属连词。并列句和复合句并列句:简单