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清华大学综合论文训练题目：90平米小户型老年人住宅题目：设计研究09型老年人住宅系别：建筑学院专业：建筑学姓名：周茉指导教师：程晓青副教授2007年06月28日I中文摘要在宅养老以及传统家庭养老将成为我国未来社会两大主要养老方式——即以家庭为物质核心的养老方式。因此，住宅成为了我国养老概念的空间载体，而如何从住宅设计本身满足老年人日常生活需求，为老年人营造一个舒适、安全、自由的养老生活空间，成为了解决我国养老问题的关键。老年人住宅设计应从目的性、方案及实际设施方面考虑他们的起居、日常事务、个人爱好与习惯、心理活动、社会接触及文娱体育活动等特点，一方面体现他们早先生活方式的连续性使老年人“乐于在宅养老”，另一方面尽可能长时间维持其独立的生活能力使老年人“易于在宅养老”。而就住宅户型本身而言，一方面，据资料显示，老年人对户型的选择往往偏向于选择中小户型，中低层次的住宅。选择两室一厅的比重昀高，为50.52％，三室一厅占34.31％，三室两厅的占10.99％，选择一室一厅的只占4.18％。这主要是由于小户型布局紧凑，减少了老年人在不同空间内移动的距离。同时，小户型使老年人心理上感觉更为安全和温馨，遇到意外发生，求救信息可以快速及时的传达位于其他房间的护理人员。另一方面，随着年龄增大，老年身体机能逐渐下降，许多人需要借助于拐杖和轮椅活动，这就为户型设计提出了一些空间尺度上的硬性要求，一些空间面积上的放大不可避免。而在当今国六条“90平米小户型”政策的出台和呼吁下，以90平米为限制，为老年人设计空间合理、舒适、安全而又经济的户型成为我们设计的核心指导思想。关键词：在宅养老，90平米小户型，老年人IIIABSTRACTThenewwayofprovidingfortheagedathomeandtraditionalwaywillbethetwomainmethodsinoursocietyinthefuture.Bothofthesetwomethodshaveasubstancecoreandthatisthefamily'shouseorapartment.Therefore,thehomebecomesthespatialcarrierwhichcouldexplaintheconceptionofprovidingfortheagedinourcountry.Andmeanwhile,howtosatisfythebasicneedsoftheagedthroughhousedesign,andcreateacomfortable,safeandfreelivingspaceforthemtolivein,arethekeypointstodealwiththeproblemsofprovidingfortheagedinournation.Thedesignoftheagedhousingshouldtakeintoaccountofthenormallifestyle,personalinclination,mentalactivitypreference,socialrelationshipandrecreationoftheoldpeople.Ontheonehand,itshouldmaintaintheirpreviouslivingstyleinordertomakethem'behappytobeprovidedathome.Andontheotherhand,itshouldbeabletokeepthemindependentlyliveaslongaspossible,inordertomakethem'beeasytobeprovidedathome'.Accordingtostatistics,agedpeoplearemorelikelytochoosetoliveinsmallerapartments,onlowerfloors.Themostpopularapartmentstyleamongoldpeopleistwo-bedroomwithonelivingroom,theportionis50.52%,followedbythethree-bedroomwithonelivingroomof34.31%.Andnextisthethree-bedroomwithtwolivingroom,thepercentageis10.99%.Finallyistheone-bedroomwithonelivingroomstyle,only4.18%oftheoldgroupchoosesthisstyle.Thereasonforthisphenomenonisbecausethatthearrangementofsmallerapartmentsismoreconcentrated,sothatreducethemovingdistancebetweendifferentroomsforoldpeople.Also,smallerapartmentsmakethemfeelmorecomfortableandsafe,becausewhenaccidentsoccur,theycouldasktheircarerforhelpwithoutworryingthathe/sheisfarawayandcannotseeorhearthem.However,aspeoplegoingolder,theirbodiesbecomeweakandhavetouseacrutchorawheelchairtomove.So,theplansofthehouseorapartmentshaveIVtoconsiderthescale,andsometimestheenlargementofcertainspacecannotbeavoided.Nowadays,underthenewpolicyof902msmallerhousingstyle,howtodesignareasonable,comfortable,safeandeconomichousingplanandstylewithin902m,isthecentralprincipleofourdesignandresearch.Keywords：providingfortheagedathome,902msmallerhousingstyle,agedpeopleV目录第1章引言........................................................................................................11.1引言................................................................................................................................1第2章我国人口老龄化的特点与养老方式的发展........................................32.1我国社会老龄化问题....................................................................................................32.2我国养老方式的发展....................................................................................................42.2.1发达国家养老方式的发展.......................................................................................42.2.2我国养老方式的发展...............................................................................................5第3章老年人对住宅设计的需求与影响........................................................7第4章现有住宅对于老年居住者存在的缺陷..............................................11第5章老年人住宅户型平面设计要点..........................................................135.1结合“90平米小户型”政策的老年人住宅户型设计.............................................135.2老年人户型设计要点..................................................................................................145.2.1功能性要求............................................................................................................145.2.2安全性要求............................................................................................................145.2.3健康性要求............................................................................................................145.2.4可改造性要求........................................................................................................145.3功能房间设计要点......................................................................................................155.3.1楼梯及电梯............................................................................................................155.3.2门厅和走道............................................................................................................165.3.3厨房和餐厅............................................................................................................175.3.4卫生间....................................................................................................................185.3.5起居室.........................................