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1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld英语是一种使用很广泛的语言，英语的历史真正起源于公元5世纪其他民族到达英国。ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwhenotherpeoplesarrivedinEnglandduringthe5thcentury.OldEnglishTheinvadingGermansspokesimilarlanguages,whichinBritaindevelopedintowhatwenowcallOldEnglish.OldEnglishdidn'tsoundorlooklikeEnglishtoday.NativeEnglishspeakersnowwouldhavegreatdifficultyunderstandingOldEnglish.However，abouthalfofthemostcommonlyusedwordsinModernEnglishhaveOldEnglishroots.MiddleEnglishIn1066,theNormaninvadedandconqueredEngland.TheyalsobroughtwiththemakindofFrench，whichbecamethelanguageoftherulingandbusinessclasses.Foraperiod,thelowerclassesspokeEnglishandtheupperclassesspokeFrench.Inthe14thcentury,Englishbecamedominant(占优势的)inBritainagain,withmanyFrenchwordsadded.ThislanguageiscalledMiddleEnglish.LateModernEnglishThemaindifferencebetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLateModernEnglishisvocabulary.LateModernEnglishhasmanymorewords,resultingfromtwomainfactors：firstly,technologydevelopmentcreatedaneedfornewwords；secondly,theBritishEmpireatitsheightcoveredonequarteroftheearth'ssurface,andtheEnglishlanguageusedforeignwordsfrommanycountries.NowtherearemanyothervarietiesofEnglishintheworld,suchasAustralianEnglish,NewZealandEnglish,CanadianEnglish,SouthAfricanEnglish,IndianEnglishandCaribbeanEnglish.[阅读障碍词]1．invadevt.&vi.侵入，侵略2．rootn．根，根源v．生根3．upperadj.地位较高的，上面的4．factorn．因素5．varietyn．多样，种类，多样化[诱思导读]2阅读短文，回答问题1．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.2．What'sthemaindifferencebetweenEarlyModernEnglishandLateModernEnglish?Vocabulary.SectionⅠWarmingUp，Prereading&ReadingⅠ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.officialA．adv.实际上；事实上()2.nativeB．adj.本国的；本地的n．本地(国)人()3.apartmentC．n.汽油()4.actuallyD．adj.官方的；正式的；公务的()5.graduallyE．n.本身；本体；身份()6.vocabularyF．adv.常常；频繁地()7.identityG．adv.逐渐地；逐步地()8.fluentH．adj.流利的；流畅的()9.frequentlyI．n.词汇；词汇量；词表()10.petrolJ．n.公寓住宅；单元住宅[答案]1－5DBJAG6－10IEHFCⅡ.选择下列句中相应词语的汉语意思A．因为；由于B．走近；提出C．建立在……基础之上D．目前；现在E．利用；使用F．例如；像这样的()1.Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.()2.Thequestionhasn'tcomeupyet.()3.Icanlendyouthreebookstoreadatpresent.()4.Iknowmanyofthem，suchasJohn，Peter，andTom.()5.Shehadtostayhomebecauseofherson'sillness.()6.Weshouldmakegooduseofourtime.[答案]1－6CBDFAE3THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendof①the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages②(航行；航海)toconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.现代英语的发展历程16世纪末期，大约有五百万到七百万人说英语。几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪，英国人开始航海并征服世界的其他地方，因此，英语在许多其他国家使用。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。[助读讲解]①attheendof在……尽头，在……结束时。②makevoyages/makeavoyageto航海/航行去……Native(本国的；本地的)Englishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample：BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime③？Actually(实际；事实上)alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEngland④betweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfrom⑤theEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbased(以……为根据)moreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.Thengradually(逐渐地；逐步地)betweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanish(丹麦语)andlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary(词汇；词汇量)．Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。看这个示例：英国的贝蒂：你想去看看我的公寓吗？美国的艾米：是的，我想去拜访你的公寓。那么，为什么英语经过一段时间发生了变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展的。起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年期间，英国人所说的英语与现在所说的英语很不一样。当4时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。然后逐渐地在大约公元800年到1150年，英语变得不再那么像德语了，因为那时的英国统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新定居者丰富了英语语言尤其是它的词汇。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年一些英国人到美国定居。后来在18世纪一些英国人也被带到了澳大利亚。英语开始在这两个国家使用。[助读讲解]③overtime＝astimegoesby随着时间的推移。④过去分词短语spokeninEngland作后置定语，修饰theEnglish。⑤bedifferentfrom与……不同Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled⑥.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspelling(拼写；拼法)happened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelatter⑦gaveaseparateidentity(本身；本体)toAmericanEnglishspelling.最后在19世纪这种语言确定下来。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。[助读讲解]⑥settlev．确定，解决，定居。⑦thelatter后者。EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluent(频繁的；常见的)EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingapore(新加坡)andMalaysia(马来西亚)andcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.Todaythenumberof⑧peoplelearningEnglishinChina⑨isincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity？Onlytimewilltell.如今英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来使用。例如，印度拥有众多