（京津鲁琼专用）2020版高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第二部分 第三讲 理解主旨要义——主旨

-1-专题一阅读理解主旨大意题——标题归纳题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019·青岛质量检测)RecentlywheneverIturnedonmycomputerormymobilephone,newsaboutthegreateffectofHurricaneHarveyonthousandsofpeoplecaughtmyeye.Isawmanyunfortunateevents.However,therewasalsothebrightnewsthatconfirmedthegoodnessofmankind.Asajournalist,Iwrotemanyhuman­intereststoriesduringmycareer.That’swhythestoryabouttheguysinthebakerycaughtmyeye.WhenthestaffataMexicanbakerychaininHoustonweretrappedinsidethebuildingfortwodays,theydidn’tsittherefeelingsorryforthemselves.TheyusedtheirtimewiselyafterfloodingcausedbyHurricaneHarvey.WhiletheywerewaitingfortheeventualrescuethatcameonMondaymorning,fourdecidedtomakeasmanyloavesofbreadaspossiblefortheircommunity.Thefloodwaterroseinthestreetoutside.Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupplytobakebread.Theyusedmorethan4，200poundsofflourtocreatehundredsofloavesandsheetsofsweetbread.Althoughthewaterkeptrising,theycontinuedbakingtohelpmorepeople.Bythetimetheownermanagedtogettothem,theyhadmadesomuchbreadthattheytooktheloavestoloadsofemergencycentersacrossthecityforpeopleaffectedbythefloods.Thestoremanager,BrianAlvarado,toldTheIndependent,“Wheneveradisasteroccurs,nobodyshouldjustfeelforlorn.Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactiontosaveourselvesandhelpothers.Ouractsofkindnesswillmakeabigdifference.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。1．WhatdidthebakerystoreworkersdoafterfloodingcausedbyHurricaneHarvey?A．Theyvolunteeredtomakebreadfortheircommunity.B．Theymanagedtolivebysellingmorebreadinthestore.C．Theyfeltsorrythattheycouldn’tescapefromthestore.D．Theyatenothingbuttowaitfortheircommunitytorescuethem.-2-A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“WhiletheywerewaitingfortheeventualrescuethatcameonMondaymorning,fourdecidedtomakeasmanyloavesofbreadaspossiblefortheircommunity.”可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区烤尽可能多的面包。故选A项。2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“forlorn”underlinedinthelastparagraph?A．Fortunate.B．Hopeful.C．Shallow.D．Desperate.D解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactiontosaveourselvesandhelpothers.”可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。由Instead可知，forlorn的意思与positive相反，故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近。故选D项。3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Alvaradoorganizedhisworkerstobakemuchbread.B．HurricaneHarveycausedapowerfailureinHouston.C．Thestaffinthebakerysentenoughflourtoemergencycenters.D．Theauthorpreferredtowritestoriesaboutpeoplefacingdisasters.B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupplytobakebread.”可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。故选B项。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．APopularMexicanBakeryChaininHoustonB．WaitfortheEventualRescueinaBigDisasterC．AllKindsofDisastersCausedbyHurricaneHarveyinHoustonD．BakeBreadtoMakeaDifferenceintheFaceofHurricaneHarveyD解析：标题归纳题。根据第二三段的内容和最后一段中的“Ouractsofkindnesswillmakeabigdifference.”可知，D项(在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容。故选D项。B(2019·河南高考适应性测试)EveryyearbetweenMayandSeptember,all54employeesofBasecamp,aChicago­basedwebapplicationcompany,haveashortworkweek:justfourdays—atotalof32hours.Also,theyusuallyworkfivedaysaweekfortherestoftheyear.“That’splentyoftimetogetgreatworkdone.Thisisallweexpectandall-3-wewantfrompeople，”saysJasonFried,aco­founder.“Working50­，60­，or70­plushoursisunnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50­，60­，or70­plushoursaweek,there’samanagementproblem.”Thecompany’ssummerworkloadmustfitreducedhours,Mr.Friedinsists,otherwisethebenefitsofashorterweek—torecoverfromwork,enjoytimewithfamilyandpursue(追求)outsideinterests—wouldbeundone.Hisnewresearchfindsthatitisnotjustlonghoursthatareharmfultoemployees’physicalandmentalhealth.Itisalsotheintensity(强度)ofwork.Moreover,itsuggeststhatintenseworkharmscareerprospects.Thatisbecauseunbearablehoursandintensityareintheoppositedirection,reducingthequalityofthework.Theresearchconcludesthatthelevelofintensityweapplytotheworkwedoisgenerally“astrongerpredictorofunfavorableoutcomesthanovertimework”．Theresearchcomparedpeopleofsimilarjobsandeducationlevels,andfoundtheyweremorelikelytosufferpoorerhappinessandworsecareerprospects,includingsatisfaction,securityandpromotion,whentheyworkedatanintenselevelforlongperiods.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工将近半年时间每周只工作4天，共32小时的情况为例说明了较短的工作周有益于人们的身心健康，并以一项研究来证明。5．WhatdoweknowaboutBasecamp’sfour­dayworkweek?A．Itlastsnearlyhalfayear.B．Theworkpressureistoohigh.C．Therearesomemanagementproblems.D．Employeesworkmorethan8hoursaday.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工在每年5月到9月期间每周的工作时间都很短：只有四天，共32小时，持续5个月，大概半年时间。故选A项。6．WhatdoesMr.Friedintendtosayinparagraph2?A．Givenplentyoftime,peoplecandomore.B．Togetworkdonewellneedsplentyoftime.C．Peoplecandoajobverywellinashortworkweek.D．Alongworkweekisappropriateforreducedworkload.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Working50­，60­，or70­plushoursis-4-unnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50­，60­，or70­plushoursaweek,there’samanagementproblem.”可知，弗里德先生认为一周工作五六十个小时，甚至七十几个小时是没有必要的。如果真这么做了，反而会出现管理上的问题，由此推知，弗里德先生认为人们可以在短时间内把工作做好，故选C项。7．Whatdoestheresearchmentionedinthetextwanttotellus?A．Gettingmuchmorerest.B．Improvingworkquality.C．Refusingafive­dayworkweek.D．Avoidingworkingtoointensely.D解析：推理判