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-1-Unit3Underthesea【导读】《白鲸》(MobyDick)是19世纪美国最著名的小说家之一赫尔曼·梅尔维尔于1851年发表的一篇海洋题材的小说，小说描写了亚哈船长为了追逐并杀死白鲸莫比·迪克，最终与白鲸同归于尽的故事。阅读下面选取的有关捕鲸的节选，对比中外文化中对鲸鱼态度的异同。MobyDick(excerpt)PitchpolingTomakethemruneasilyandswiftly，theaxlesofcarriagesareanointed；andformuchthesamepurpose，somewhalersperformasimilaroperationupontheirboat；theygreasethebottom.Norisittobedoubtedthatassuchaprocedurecandonoharm，itmaypossiblybeofnocontemptibleadvantage；consideringthatoilandwaterarehostile；thatoilisaslidingthing，andthattheobjectinviewistomaketheboatslidebravely.Queequegbelievedstronglyinanointinghisboat，andonemorningnotlongaftertheGermanshipJungfraudisappeared，tookmorethancustomarypainsinthatoccupation；crawlingunderitsbottom，whereithungovertheside，andrubbingasthoughdiligentlyseekingtoinsureacropofhairfromthecraft'sbaldkeel.Heseemedtobeworkinginobediencetosomeparticularpresentiment.Nordiditremainunwarrantedbytheevent.Towardsnoonwhaleswereraised；butsosoonastheshipsaileddowntothem，theyturnedandfledswiftly.Nevertheless，theboatspursued，andStubb'swasforemost.Bygreateffort，Tashtegoatlastsucceededinplantingoneiron；butthestrickenwhale，withoutatallsounding，stillcontinuedhishorizontalflight，withaddedspeed.Suchunintermittedstrainingsupontheplantedironmustsoonerorlaterinevitablyextractit.Itbecameimperativetolancetheflyingwhale，orbecontenttolosehim.Buttohaultheboatuptohisflankwasimpossible，heswamsofastandfurious.Whatthenremained?-2-Ofallthewondrousdevicesanddexterities，thesleightsofhandandcountlesssubtleties，towhichtheveteranwhalemanissooftenforced，noneexceedthatfinemanoeuvrewiththelancecalledpitchpoling.Smallsword，orbroadsword，inallitsexercisesboastsnothinglikeit.Itisonlyindispensablewithaninveteraterunningwhale；itsgrandfactandfeatureisthewonderfuldistancetowhichthelonglanceisaccuratelydartedfromaviolentlyrocking，jerkingboat，underextremeheadway.Steelandwoodincluded，theentirespearissometenortwelvefeetinlength；thestaffismuchslighterthanthatoftheharpoon，andalsoofalightermaterial—pine.Itisfurnishedwithasmallropecalledawarp，ofconsiderablelength，bywhichitcanbehauledbacktothehandafterdarting.Butbeforegoingfurther，itisimportanttomentionhere，thatthoughtheharpoonmaybepitchpoledinthesamewaywiththelance，yetitisseldomdone；andwhendone，isstilllessfrequentlysuccessful，onaccountofthegreaterweightandinferiorlengthoftheharpoonascomparedwiththelance，whichineffectbecomeseriousdrawbacks.Asageneralthing，therefore，youmustfirstgetfasttoawhale，beforeanypitchpolingcomesintoplay.LooknowatStubb；amanwhofromhishumorous，deliberatecoolnessandequanimityinthedirestemergencies，wasspeciallyqualifiedtoexcelinpitchpoling.Lookathim；hestandsuprightinthetossedbowoftheflyingboat；wraptinfleecyfoam，thetowingwhaleisfortyfeetahead.Handlingthelonglancelightly，glancingtwiceorthricealongitslengthtoseeifitbeexactlystraight，Stubbwhistlinglygathersupthecoilofthewarpinonehand，soastosecureitsfreeendinhisgrasp，leavingtherestunobstructed.Thenholdingthelancefullbeforehiswaistband'smiddle，helevelsitatthewhale；when，coveringhimwithit，hesteadilydepressesthebuttendinhishand，therebyelevatingthepointtilltheweaponstandsfairlybalanceduponhispalm，fifteenfeetintheair.Hemindsyousomewhatofajuggler，balancingalongstaffonhischin.Nextmomentwitharapid，namelessimpulse，inasuperbloftyarchthebrightsteelspansthefoamingdistance，andquiversinthelifespotofthewhale.Insteadofsparklingwater，henowspoutsredblood.Thatdrovethespigotoutofhim！criedStubb.“It'sJuly'simmortalFourth；allfountainsmustrunwinetoday！Wouldnow，itwereoldOrleanswhiskey，oroldOhio！Then，Tashtego，lad，I'dhaveyeholdacantothejet，andwe'ddrinkround-3-it！”Againandagaintosuchgamesometalk，thedexterousdartisrepeated，thespearreturningtoitsmasterlikeagreyhoundheldinskilfulleash.Theagonizedwhalegoesintohisflurry；thetowlineisslackened，andthepitchpolerdroppingastern，foldshishands，andmutelywatchesthemonsterdie.《白鲸》(节选)投杆为了使车轴转得又滑又快，就得给车厢的车轴加油；有些捕鲸人为了一样的目的，也对他们的小艇使用类似的办法；他们给艇底擦油。这种操作，毋庸置疑，是有益无损，而且还可以说是毫无害处的；因为油与水本来就是不能相容的；油是滑溜溜的东西，这种做法的目的是要使得小艇航驶如飞。魁魁格就非常相信给他的小艇擦油这事情。那艘德国船“处女号”消失后不多久，有一天早晨，他比平常更为用劲地给小艇擦油，那只小艇吊在舷侧，他爬在艇底下，拼命擦呀擦的，仿佛在想方设法保证这只小艇的光秃秃的龙骨，长出一簇头发来。他好像是听凭一阵预感的支配在擦着，而且预感就是事实那样。将近午刻时分，又发现大鲸了。可是，船一驶过去，它们却又掉了头，迅速逃走了。然而，几只小艇还是继续追逐下去，由斯塔布的小艇打前锋。费了很大的劲，塔斯蒂哥终于击中了一枪，可是，那条被击中的鲸，却不完全沉下去，还继续横游过去，只是速度加快了一点。这样连续不断的狂奔，那支插在它身上的枪头，一定迟早会给挤出来。于是，只好对这条如飞的大鲸再补上一枪，否则只好听它逃脱。可是，又无法把小艇划到它身边去，它游得那么快那么急。那么，该怎么办呢？在老捕鲸手往往不得不使用的一切奇计妙策、娴熟的手法与无数灵巧的办法中，莫过于巧妙地使用那种叫作投杆的捕鲸枪了。小剑或者大剑，使用起来总不及这种东西。对付一只使人又气又恨的拼命狂奔的鲸，非得仰仗它不可，它的主要特色，就是能够从一只高速前进的，急腾急跳的小艇上，在极远的距离内一枪中的。这东西是用钢和木头做成的，整支枪约有十英尺或者十二英尺长，捏柄比标枪的柄子轻一点，也是用较轻的木料——松木做成的。它系有一根叫作纤的细绳子，相当长，有了这样的绳子，枪投出去后，又能收得回来。在这里，得先说明一下后，再说下去，那就是，标枪虽然也可以像捕鲸枪一样投出去，然而，人们却不大使用它，即使偶尔使用了，也还是不大会一枪中的，因为跟捕鲸枪比起来，标枪很重，又不够长，实际上反而会成为严重的阻碍。因此，一般说来，一定要先拴住一条鲸，这才可以投出捕鲸枪。现在请瞧斯塔布吧，像他这样在最危急关头而能诙谐百出、胸有成竹、泰然镇定的人，是特别适宜于投杆而胜人一筹的。瞧他！他站在那只如飞的小艇的摇摆不定的船头上，腰板笔直，四下尽是毛绒似的泡沫，那条拖着绳索的鲸就在前面四十英尺的地方。他轻轻地抓起-4-那支长长的捕鲸枪，眼睛瞥了枪身两三下，看它是否笔直，飒飒地把一卷纤子收拢在手里，以便抓住纤头，不跟整条纤子缠在一起。于是，他把那支长长的捕鲸枪拎在他的腰际，瞄向大鲸，等到完全把它瞄准了，他便从容地压着他手里的长柄，使那枪头翘起，翘得那支武器简直是竖托在他掌心上有十五英尺高。他叫人想起一个变戏法的人，把一根长棒托在下巴上。不一会，快得无法形容地一推，那支灿亮的铁器就高高地弓成拱形，射到那泡沫四起的远方，刹地击中了大鲸的要害。它现在喷出来的已经不是闪亮起