-1-SectionⅢWordpower&Grammarandusage1.otherthan除了,除……以外(教材P22)Sherealizedthattherearereasonsformovingwithinacountryotherthanthosementionedinthemagazinearticle.她认为除了杂志文章中提到的一些原因以外,还有其他的一些搬迁原因。Idon'tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了你,我不认识别的法国人。We'regoingawayinJunebutotherthanthatwe'llbehereallsummer.我们打算六月份外出,除此以外,我们整个夏天都在这里。noneotherthan不是别人,而是……ratherthan而不是morethan多于;超过orrather更确切地说Sheisnoneotherthanmyteacher.她正是我的老师。Tomchosetoquitratherthanadmitthathe'dmadeamistake.汤姆没有承认自己犯了错误而是选择了退出。Thereisnobodyhereotherthanme.除了我以外这里没有别人。[名师点津]otherthan常与否定词连用,相当于but或except。完成句子①我借了几本书,但都不是小说。Iborrowedsomebooksnovels.②除了报纸,我没时间读别的。Idon'thavetimetoreadanythingthenewspaper.③除了游过去之外你无法到达那里。Youcan'tgotherebyswimming.【答案】①otherthan②otherthan③otherthan2.relyvt.依靠;信赖;指望(经常与介词on与upon搭配)(教材P22)Asmoreandmorecountriesbegintorelyonindustryratherthan-2-agricultureforthemajorityoftheirnationalprofit,theircitiesbecomeindustrialized.随着越来越多的国家开始主要依靠工业而不是农业来为国家大面积创收,这些国家的城市变成了工业化城市。Don'talwaysrelyontheweatherreport.别总相信天气预报。Georgeisaboywhocanbereliedupon.乔治是个可以信赖的男孩。relyonsth./sb.相信某事;依靠/信赖某人relyonsb.todosth.指望某人做某事relyon/uponsb.doingsth.相信/指望某人会做某事relyonitthat...相信/指望……Wemustrelyon/uponourowneffortstosucceed.我们必须依靠自己的努力获得成功。Theoldmanreliedonhissontotellhimthetruth,butherealizedhewaswrongatlast.那个老人指望儿子告诉他实情,但他最终意识到自己错了。YoumayrelyonitthatLindawillfinishthetaskontime.你可以放心,琳达会准时把任务完成的。完成句子①Thesuccessofthisproject(有赖于诸位一起努力).②Assomeoftheseactorscouldnotsingwellenough,theyhadto(依靠别的乐手来帮助他们).【答案】①reliesoneveryonemakinganeffort②relyonothermusicianstohelpthem3.similarityn.相似;类似;相像处(教材P22)Therefore,theruralareasgraduallycometohavemoreandmoresimilaritiestotheindustrialized,urbanareas.因此,农村地区逐渐地与工业化的城镇地区有越来越多的相似之处。Thereporthighlightsthesimilaritybetweenthetwogroups.这份报告强调两组之间的相似性。Shebearsastrikingsimilaritytohermother.她跟她母亲十分相似。(1)haveasimilaritytosb./sth.和……有相似之处therebe/haveasimilaritybetweenAandB-3-在A和B之间有相似的地方(2)similaradj.相似的;类似的besimilarinsth.在(某一方面)相似besimilartosb./sth.和某人/某物相似(3)similarlyadv.(=inasimilarway)相似地;类似地Goldissimilarincolortobrass.金子在颜色上与铜相似。Thiscountryhassomesimilaritiestothatcountry.这个国家和那个国家有一些相似之处。完成句子①Myteachingstyle(与……相似)thatofmostotherteachers.②Thepolicesaythereare(这宗谋杀案同……相似)thathappenedlastyear.【答案】①issimilarto②somesimilaritiesbetweenthismurderandtheone4.percentagen.百分比;百分率(教材P22)Asthishappens,asmallpercentageofpeoplemovefurtherawayfromtheurbanareas.随着这种情况的发生,搬家离开城镇地区的人口比率变小。Thepercentageofschoolleaversthatgotouniversityisaboutfivepercent.中学毕业后上大学的学生约为5%。[明辨异同]percent/percentagepercent(=percent)意为“百分之……”,前面必须有数词,后面通常要跟“of+名词”,构成“数词+percent+of+名词”结构,表示具体的百分数。谓语动词应根据名词的单复数形式来决定。percentage意为“百分率;百分数”,前面常用large,small,great,high,what等修饰,但不可用数词修饰,后面常跟“of+名词”。percentage前有定冠词时,句中谓语动词要用单数;percentage前有不定冠词或what时,句中谓语动词的单复数形式要根据of后的名词而定。Seventypercentoftheearthiscoveredbywater.地球表面的70%被水覆盖着。Twentypercentofthestudentsarefromthesouth.20%的学生来自南方。AgreatpercentageoftheTVsetsintheshoparemadeinChina.-4-这家商店出售的电视机绝大部分是中国制造的。Whatpercentageofcollegestudentsgoabroad?大学生出国的百分率是多少?选词填空(percentage/percent)①Thecoveringofforestryinourtownis60.②Whatoftheearthiscoveredbyoceans?【答案】①percent②percentage5.identifyvt.确认;认出;发现;找到(教材P23)Bystudyingsociology,wecanidentifyimportantfactorssuchaseducationthathelpmakepeoplemoresuccessfulwithinsociety.通过学习社会学,我们能够找到一些重要的因素,例如教育能帮助一个人在社会上更加成功。Iidentifiedthejacketatonce;itwasmybrother's.我立即认出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。Firstofall,wemustidentifytheproblemareas.首先我们必须找出问题所在。Thebodieswereidentifiedasthoseoftwosuspecteddrugdealers.那两具尸体被辨认出原是两名贩毒嫌疑犯。Hedoesnotwishtobeidentifiedwiththereformparty.他不想与改革派有任何关联。identify...as...认出……是……;显示;说明身份identifywithsb.与某人产生共鸣、谅解、同情identifysb.withsth.把某人视为……identifysth.withsth.认为某物等同于某物beidentifiedwithsb./sth.与……有密切关联完成句子①他自称是吉姆的密友。HeaclosefriendofJim's.②她对这部小说中的女主人公很同情。Shetheheroineofthenovel.③不能把财富和幸福等同起来。Wealthcannothappiness.【答案】①identifiedhimselfas②identifiedwith③beidentifiedwith-5-6.makesense讲得通;有意义(教材P24)Thesentencesinaparagraphshouldbelistedinanorderthatmakessense.每章节中的句子应当有规则地组织,使其有意义。Thismessagedoesn'tmakesense.这个消息毫无意义。Canyoumakeanysenseoftheseinstructions?您能弄懂这些说明的意思吗?makenosense讲不通;没意义makesenseof弄懂……的意思cometoone'ssenses(昏迷后)醒过来;醒悟过来inasense在某种意义上说innosense决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)commonsense常识asenseof...……感Canyoumakesenseofthesentence?你能理解这个句子吗?Inasense(=inoneway)itdoesn'tmatteranymore.从某句中意义上说,这事已无关紧要了。完成句子①无论如何这个问题都不能说已经解决了。cantheissuebesaidtoberesolved.②你明白这个作家在讲什么吗?Canyouwhatthiswriterissaying?③让小孩玩火柴有意义吗?Doesittoletchildrenplaywithmatches?④这个句子如果逐字翻译就没有意义了。Ittotranslatethissentencewordbyword.【答案】①Innosense②makesenseof③makesense④makesnosense段落的组成部分段落是由若干个彼此关联的句子构成的,通常用以表达一个中心思想或者从一个角度对-6-文章的主题进行阐述。结构完整的段落大多由三部分组成:主题句,支撑句和总结句。一、主题句表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意,要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。主题句通常放在段落的开端,其特点是开门见山地摆出问题,然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰、更具说服力,便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用,或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。Publicopinionsonwhatittakestosucceedinone'sstudiesorcareervarywidely.Givenapproximatelyequalcircumstances,someclaimthesuccessfactorislargelyamatterofluckbeingintherightplaceandtherighttime.Othersspeakofutterdevotiontowo